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|
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
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<hr><h1>Formatted Printing Functions.</h1>Variations of formatted printing functions.
<a href="#_details">More...</a><table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
<tr><td colspan=2><br><h2>Functions</h2></td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap align=right valign=top>int </td><td valign=bottom><a class="el" href="group___printf.html#a0">trio_printf</a> (const char *format,...)</td></tr>
<tr><td> </td><td><font size=-1><em>Print to standard output stream.</em> <a href="#a0">More...</a><em></em></font><br><br></td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap align=right valign=top>int </td><td valign=bottom><a class="el" href="group___printf.html#a1">trio_vprintf</a> (const char *format, va_list args)</td></tr>
<tr><td> </td><td><font size=-1><em>Print to standard output stream.</em> <a href="#a1">More...</a><em></em></font><br><br></td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap align=right valign=top>int </td><td valign=bottom><a class="el" href="group___printf.html#a2">trio_printfv</a> (const char *format, trio_pointer_t *args)</td></tr>
<tr><td> </td><td><font size=-1><em>Print to standard output stream.</em> <a href="#a2">More...</a><em></em></font><br><br></td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap align=right valign=top>int </td><td valign=bottom><a class="el" href="group___printf.html#a3">trio_fprintf</a> (FILE *file, const char *format,...)</td></tr>
<tr><td> </td><td><font size=-1><em>Print to file.</em> <a href="#a3">More...</a><em></em></font><br><br></td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap align=right valign=top>int </td><td valign=bottom><a class="el" href="group___printf.html#a4">trio_vfprintf</a> (FILE *file, const char *format, va_list args)</td></tr>
<tr><td> </td><td><font size=-1><em>Print to file.</em> <a href="#a4">More...</a><em></em></font><br><br></td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap align=right valign=top>int </td><td valign=bottom><a class="el" href="group___printf.html#a5">trio_fprintfv</a> (FILE *file, const char *format, trio_pointer_t *args)</td></tr>
<tr><td> </td><td><font size=-1><em>Print to file.</em> <a href="#a5">More...</a><em></em></font><br><br></td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap align=right valign=top>int </td><td valign=bottom><a class="el" href="group___printf.html#a6">trio_dprintf</a> (int fd, const char *format,...)</td></tr>
<tr><td> </td><td><font size=-1><em>Print to file descriptor.</em> <a href="#a6">More...</a><em></em></font><br><br></td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap align=right valign=top>int </td><td valign=bottom><a class="el" href="group___printf.html#a7">trio_vdprintf</a> (int fd, const char *format, va_list args)</td></tr>
<tr><td> </td><td><font size=-1><em>Print to file descriptor.</em> <a href="#a7">More...</a><em></em></font><br><br></td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap align=right valign=top>int </td><td valign=bottom><a class="el" href="group___printf.html#a8">trio_dprintfv</a> (int fd, const char *format, trio_pointer_t *args)</td></tr>
<tr><td> </td><td><font size=-1><em>Print to file descriptor.</em> <a href="#a8">More...</a><em></em></font><br><br></td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap align=right valign=top>int </td><td valign=bottom><a class="el" href="group___printf.html#a12">trio_sprintf</a> (char *buffer, const char *format,...)</td></tr>
<tr><td> </td><td><font size=-1><em>Print to string.</em> <a href="#a12">More...</a><em></em></font><br><br></td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap align=right valign=top>int </td><td valign=bottom><a class="el" href="group___printf.html#a13">trio_vsprintf</a> (char *buffer, const char *format, va_list args)</td></tr>
<tr><td> </td><td><font size=-1><em>Print to string.</em> <a href="#a13">More...</a><em></em></font><br><br></td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap align=right valign=top>int </td><td valign=bottom><a class="el" href="group___printf.html#a14">trio_sprintfv</a> (char *buffer, const char *format, trio_pointer_t *args)</td></tr>
<tr><td> </td><td><font size=-1><em>Print to string.</em> <a href="#a14">More...</a><em></em></font><br><br></td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap align=right valign=top>int </td><td valign=bottom><a class="el" href="group___printf.html#a15">trio_snprintf</a> (char *buffer, size_t max, const char *format,...)</td></tr>
<tr><td> </td><td><font size=-1><em>Print at most <code>max</code> characters to string.</em> <a href="#a15">More...</a><em></em></font><br><br></td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap align=right valign=top>int </td><td valign=bottom><a class="el" href="group___printf.html#a16">trio_vsnprintf</a> (char *buffer, size_t max, const char *format, va_list args)</td></tr>
<tr><td> </td><td><font size=-1><em>Print at most <code>max</code> characters to string.</em> <a href="#a16">More...</a><em></em></font><br><br></td></tr>
<tr><td nowrap align=right valign=top>int </td><td valign=bottom><a class="el" href="group___printf.html#a17">trio_snprintfv</a> (char *buffer, size_t max, const char *format, trio_pointer_t *args)</td></tr>
<tr><td> </td><td><font size=-1><em>Print at most <code>max</code> characters to string.</em> <a href="#a17">More...</a><em></em></font><br><br></td></tr>
</table>
<hr><a name="_details"></a><h2>Detailed Description</h2>
Variations of formatted printing functions.
<p>
<b>SYNOPSIS</b>
<p>
<div class="fragment"><pre>
cc ... -ltrio -lm
#include <trio.h>
</pre></div>
<p>
<b>DESCRIPTION</b>
<p>
This documentation is incomplete. The documentation of the printf family in [C99] and [UNIX98] also applies to the trio counterparts.
<p>
All these functions outputs a string which is formatted according to the <code>format</code> string and the consecutive arguments. The <code>format</code> string is described in the Formatting section below.
<p>
<a class="el" href="group___printf.html#a0">trio_printf</a>, <a class="el" href="group___printf.html#a1">trio_vprintf</a>, and <a class="el" href="group___printf.html#a2">trio_printfv</a> writes the output to the standard output stream (stdout).
<p>
<a class="el" href="group___printf.html#a3">trio_fprintf</a>, <a class="el" href="group___printf.html#a4">trio_vfprintf</a>, and <a class="el" href="group___printf.html#a5">trio_fprintfv</a> writes the output to a given output stream.
<p>
<a class="el" href="group___printf.html#a6">trio_dprintf</a>, <a class="el" href="group___printf.html#a7">trio_vdprintf</a>, and <a class="el" href="group___printf.html#a8">trio_dprintfv</a> writes the output to a file descriptor (this includes, for example, sockets).
<p>
<a class="el" href="group___printf.html#a12">trio_sprintf</a>, <a class="el" href="group___printf.html#a13">trio_vsprintf</a>, and <a class="el" href="group___printf.html#a14">trio_sprintfv</a> writes the output into <code>buffer</code>.
<p>
<a class="el" href="group___printf.html#a15">trio_snprintf</a>, <a class="el" href="group___printf.html#a16">trio_vsnprintf</a>, and <a class="el" href="group___printf.html#a17">trio_snprintfv</a> writes <code>max</code> - 1 characters into <code>buffer</code> followed by a terminating zero character. If <code>max</code> is 1, then <code>buffer</code> will be an empty string. If <code>max</code> is 0, then <code>buffer</code> is left untouched, and can consequently be NULL. The number of characters that would have been written to <code>buffer</code>, had there been sufficient space, is returned.
<p>
trio_snprintfcat appends the formatted text at the end of <code>buffer</code>.
<p>
trio_asprintf and trio_vasprintf allocates and returns an allocated string in <code>buffer</code> containing the formatted text.
<p>
<b>FORMATTING</b>
<p>
The <code>format</code> string can contain normal text and conversion indicators. The normal text can be any character except the nil character (\000 = '\0') and the percent character (\045 = '%'). Conversion indicators consists of an indication character (%), followed by zero or more conversion modifiers, and exactly one conversion specifier.
<p>
<b>Modifiers</b>
<p>
Some modifiers exhibit the same behaviour for all specifiers, other modifiers indicate different behaviours for different specifiers, and other modifiers are only applicable to certain specifiers. The relationship is described for each modifier. The number 9 is used to denotes an arbitrary integer.
<p>
<em>Positional</em> ( <code>9$</code> ) [UNIX98]
<p>
Normally the arguments supplied to these functions are interpreted incrementially from left to right. Arguments can be referenced specifically in the format string. The modifier n$ selects the nth argument. The first argument is referred as 1$. If this modifier is used, it must be the first modifier after the indication character. n$ can also be used for argument width, precision, and base.
<p>
The performance penalty of using positionals is almost neglible (contrary to most other printf implementations).
<p>
<ul>
<li> <em>Reference</em> <em>Mix</em>. Mixing normal and positional specifiers is allowed [TRIO]. For example, <div class="fragment"><pre>
trio_printf("%d %3$d %2$d\n", 1, 2, 3);
</pre></div> results in <div class="fragment"><pre>
1 3 2
</pre></div> Arguments for the printf family are passed on the stack. On most platforms it is not possible to determine the size of individual stack elements, so it is essential that the format string corresponds exactly to the passed arguments. If this is not the case, incorrect values may be put into the result.</ul>
<ul>
<li> <em>Reference</em> <em>Gap</em>. For the same reason it is also essential that the format string does not contain any "gaps" in the positional arguments. For example, <div class="fragment"><pre>
trio_printf("%1$d %3$d\n", 1, 2, 3);
</pre></div> is NOT allowed. The format string parser has no knowledge about whether the second argument is, say, an integer or a long double (which have different sizes). <div class="fragment"><pre>
</pre></div> [UNIX98] describes this as unspecified behaviour. [TRIO] will detect reference gaps and return an error.</ul>
<ul>
<li> <em>Double</em> <em>Reference</em>. It is also not allowed to reference an argument twice or more. For example, <div class="fragment"><pre>
trio_printf("%1$d %1$lf\n", 1);
</pre></div> is NOT allowed, because it references the first argument as two differently sized objects. <div class="fragment"><pre>
</pre></div> [UNIX98] describes this as unspecified behaviour. [TRIO] will detect double references and return an error.</ul>
The following two statements are equivalent <div class="fragment"><pre>
trio_printf("|%d %s\n|", 42, "meanings");
|42 meanings|
trio_printf("|%1$d %2$s|\n", 42, "meanings");
|42 meanings|
</pre></div>
<p>
<em>Width</em> ( <code>9</code> )
<p>
Specifies the minimum width of a field. If the fields has less characters than specified by the width, the field will be left adjusted and padded by spaces. The adjustment and padding can be changed by the Alignment ( <code>-</code> ) and Padding ( <code>0</code> ) modifiers.
<p>
The width is specified as a number. If an asterix ( <code>*</code> ) is used instead, the width will be read from the argument list.
<p>
Prefixes, such as 0x for hexadecimal integers, are part of width. <div class="fragment"><pre>
trio_printf("|%10i|\n", 42);
| 42|
</pre></div>
<p>
<em>Precision</em> ( .<code>9</code> )
<p>
The precision has different semantics for the various data types. The precision specifies the maximum number of printed characters for strings, the number of digits after the decimal-point for floating-point numbers, the number of significant digits for the <code>g</code> (and <code>G)</code> representation of floating-point numbers, the minimum number of printed digits for integers. <div class="fragment"><pre>
trio_printf("|%10.8i|%.8i|\n", 42, 42);
| 00000042|00000042|
</pre></div>
<p>
<em>Base</em> ( ..<code>9</code> ) [TRIO]
<p>
Sets the base that the associated integer must be converted to. The base can be between 2 and 36 (both included). <div class="fragment"><pre>
trio_printf("|%10.8.2i|%10..2i|%..2i|\n", 42, 42, 42);
| 00101010| 101010|101010|
trio_printf("|%*.8.*i|\n", 10, 2, 42);
| 00101010|
</pre></div>
<p>
<em>Padding</em> ( <code>0</code> )
<p>
Integer and floating point numbers are prepended by zeros. The number of leading zeros are determined by the precision. If precision is not present, width is used instead.
<p>
<em>Short</em> ( <code>h</code> )
<p>
Integer arguments are read as an ( <code>unsigned</code> ) <code>short</code> <code>int</code>. String and character arguments are read as <code>char</code> <code>*</code> and <code>char</code> respectively.
<p>
<em>Short</em> <em>short</em> ( <code>hh</code> ) [C99, GNU]
<p>
The argument is read as an ( <code>unsigned</code> ) <code>char</code>.
<p>
<em>Fixed</em> <em>Size</em> ( <code>I</code> ) [MSVC]
<p>
The argument is read as a fixed sized integer. The modifier is followed by a number, which specifies the number of bits in the integer, and can be one of the following
<p>
<ul>
<li> <code>I8</code> <li> <code>I16</code> <li> <code>I32</code> <li> <code>I64</code> (if 64-bits integers are supported)</ul>
Works only for integers (i, u, d, o, x, X)
<p>
<em>Largest</em> ( <code>j</code> ) [C99]
<p>
The argument is read as an <code>intmax_t</code> / <code>uintmax_t</code>, which is defined to be the largest signed/unsigned integer.
<p>
<em>Long</em> ( <code>l</code> )
<p>
An integral argument is read as an ( <code>unsigned</code> ) <code>long</code> <code>int</code>. A string argument is read as a <code>wchar_t</code> <code>*</code>, and output as a multi-byte character sequence.
<p>
<em>Long</em> <em>long</em> ( <code>ll</code> ) [C99, UNIX98, GNU]
<p>
The argument is read as an ( <code>unsigned</code> ) <code>long</code> <code>long</code> <code>int</code>.
<p>
<em>Long</em> <em>double</em> ( <code>L</code> ) [C99, UNIX98, GNU]
<p>
The argument is read as a <code>long</code> <code>double</code>.
<p>
<em>ptrdiff_t</em> ( <code>t</code> ) [C99]
<p>
The argument is read as a <code>ptrdiff_t</code>, which is defined to be the signed integer type of the result of subtracting two pointers.
<p>
<em>Quad</em> ( <code>q</code> ) [BSD, GNU]
<p>
Corresponds to the long long modifier ( <code>ll</code> ).
<p>
<em>Wide</em> ( <code>w</code> ) [MISC]
<p>
For a string argument this is equivalent to using the long modifier ( <code>l</code> ).
<p>
<em>size_t</em> ( <code>z</code> ) [C99]
<p>
The argument is read as a <code>size_t</code>, which is defined to be the type returned by the <code>sizeof</code> operator.
<p>
<em>size_t</em> ( <code>Z</code> ) [GNU]
<p>
Corresponds to the size_t modifier ( <code>z</code> ).
<p>
<em>Alternative</em> ( <code>#</code> )
<p>
Prepend radix indicator for hexadecimal, octal, and binary integer numbers and for pointers. Always add a decimal-pointer for floating-point numbers. Escape non-printable characters for strings.
<p>
<em>Spacing</em> ( )
<p>
Prepend leading spaces when necessary.
<p>
<em>Sign</em> ( <code>+</code> )
<p>
Always prepend a sign to numbers. Normally only the negative sign is prepended to a number. With this modifier the positive sign may also be prepended.
<p>
<em>Alignment</em> ( <code>-</code> )
<p>
The output will be left-justified in the field specified by the width.
<p>
<em>Argument</em> ( <code>*</code> )
<p>
Width, precision, or base is read from the argument list, rather than from the formatting string.
<p>
<em>Quote</em> / <em>Grouping</em> ( ' <code>)</code> [MISC]
<p>
Groups integers and the integer-part of floating-point numbers according to the locale. Quote strings and characters.
<p>
<em>Sticky</em> ( <code>!</code> ) [TRIO]
<p>
The modifiers listed for the current specifier will be reused by subsequent specifiers of the same group. The following specifier groups exists <ul>
<li> Integer ( <code>i</code>, <code>u</code>, <code>d</code>, <code>o</code>, <code>x</code>, <code>X</code> ) <li> Floating-point ( <code>f</code>, <code>F</code>, <code>e</code>, <code>E</code>, <code>g</code>, <code>G</code>, <code>a</code>, <code>A</code> ) <li> Character ( <code>c</code> ) <li> String ( <code>s</code> ) <li> Pointer ( <code>p</code> ) <li> Count ( <code>n</code> ) <li> Errno ( <code>m</code> ) <li> Group ( <code>[]</code> )</ul>
The sticky modifiers are active until superseeded by other sticky modifiers, or the end of the format string is reached. Local modifiers overrides sticky modifiers for the given specifier only. <div class="fragment"><pre>
trio_printf("|%!08#x|%04x|%x|\n", 42, 42, 42);
|0x00002a|0x2a|0x00002a|
</pre></div>
<p>
<b>Specifiers</b>
<p>
<em>Percent</em> ( <code>%</code> )
<p>
Produce a percent ( <code>%</code> ) character. This is used to quote the indication character. No modifiers are allowed. The full syntax is <code>%%</code>. <div class="fragment"><pre>
trio_printf("Percent is %%\n");
Percent is %
</pre></div>
<p>
<em>Hex</em> <em>floats</em> ( <code>a</code>, <code>A</code> ) [C99]
<p>
Output a hexadecimal (base 16) representation of a floating point number. The number is automatically preceeded by <code>0x</code> ( or <code>0X</code> ). The exponent is <code>p</code> ( or <code>P</code> ). <div class="fragment"><pre>
trio_printf("|%a|%A|\n", 3.1415, 3.1415e20);
|0x3.228bc|0X3.228BCP+14|
</pre></div>
<p>
<em>Binary</em> <em>numbers</em> ( <code>b</code>, <code>B</code> ) [MISC - SCO UnixWare 7]
<p>
DEPRECATED: Use Base modifier <code>%..2i</code> instead.
<p>
<em>Character</em> ( <code>c</code> )
<p>
Output a single character.
<p>
<ul>
<li> Quote ( ' <code>)</code> [TRIO]. Quote the character.</ul>
<em>Decimal</em> ( <code>d</code> )
<p>
Output a decimal (base 10) representation of a number.
<p>
<ul>
<li> Grouping ( ' <code>)</code> [TRIO]. The number is separated by the locale thousand separator. <div class="fragment"><pre>
trio_printf("|%'ld|\n", 1234567);
|1,234,567|
</pre></div></ul>
<em>Floating-point</em> ( <code>e</code>, <code>E)</code>
<p>
Output a decimal floating-point number. The style is <code>[-]9.99e[-]9</code>, where <ul>
<li> <code>[-]9.99</code> is the mantissa (as described for the <code>f</code>, <code>F</code> specifier), and <li> <code>e[-]9</code> is the exponent indicator (either <code>e</code> or <code>E</code>, depending on the floating-point specifier), followed by an optional sign and the exponent</ul>
If the precision is wider than the maximum number of digits that can be represented by the floating-point unit, then the number will be adequately rounded. For example, assuming DBL_DIG is 15 <div class="fragment"><pre>
trio_printf("|%.18e|\n", (1.0 / 3.0));
|3.333333333333333000e-01|
</pre></div>
<p>
<em>Floating-point</em> ( <code>f</code>, <code>F</code> )
<p>
Output a decimal floating-point number. The style is <code>[-]9.99</code>, where <ul>
<li> <code>[-]</code> is an optional sign (either <code>+</code> or <code>-)</code>, <li> <code>9</code> is the integer-part (possibly interspersed with thousand-separators), <li> . <code>is</code> the decimal-point (depending on the locale), and <li> <code>99</code> is the fractional-part.</ul>
If more digits are needed to output the number, than can be represented with the accuracy of the floating-point unit, then the number will be adequately rounded. For example, assuming that DBL_DIG is 15 <div class="fragment"><pre>
trio_printf("|%f|\n", (2.0 / 3.0) * 1E18);
|666666666666666700.000000|
</pre></div>
<p>
The following modifiers holds a special meaning for this specifier <ul>
<li> Alternative ( <code>#</code> ) [C99]. Add decimal point. <li> Grouping ( ' <code>)</code> [TRIO]. Group integer part of number into thousands (according to locale).</ul>
<em>Floating-point</em> ( <code>g</code>, <code>G)</code>
<p>
Output a decimal floating-point representation of a number. The format of either the <code>f</code>, <code>F</code> specifier or the <code>e</code>, <code>E</code> specifier is used, whatever produces the shortest result.
<p>
<em>Integer</em> ( <code>i</code> )
<p>
Output a signed integer. Default base is 10.
<p>
<em>Errno</em> ( <code>m</code> ) [GNU]
<p>
<em>Count</em> ( <code>n</code> )
<p>
Insert into the location pointed to by the argument, the number of octets written to the output so far.
<p>
<em>Octal</em> ( <code>o</code> )
<p>
Output an octal (base 8) representation of a number.
<p>
<em>Pointer</em> ( <code>p</code> )
<p>
Ouput the address of the argument. The address is printed as a hexadecimal number. If the argument is the NULL pointer the text <code>(nil)</code> will be used instead. <ul>
<li> Alternative ( <code>#</code> ) [TRIO]. Prepend 0x</ul>
<em>String</em> ( <code>s</code>, <code>S</code> )
<p>
Output a string. The argument must point to a zero terminated string. If the argument is the NULL pointer the text <code>(nil)</code> will be used instead. <code>S</code> is equivalent to <code>ls</code>. <ul>
<li> Alternative ( <code>#</code> ) [TRIO]. Escape non-printable characters.</ul>
Non-printable characters are converted into C escapes, or hexadecimal numbers where no C escapes exists for the character. The C escapes, the hexadecimal number, and all backslashes are prepended by a backslash ( <code>\</code> ). The supported C escapes are <ul>
<li> <code>\a</code> (\007) = alert <li> <code>\b</code> (\010) = backspace <li> <code>\f</code> (\014) = formfeed <li> <code>\n</code> (\012) = newline <li> <code>\r</code> (\015) = carriage return <li> <code>\t</code> (\011) = horizontal tab <li> <code>\v</code> (\013) = vertical tab</ul>
<div class="fragment"><pre>
trio_printf("|One %s Three|One %'s Three|\n", "Two", "Two");
|One Two Three|One "Two" Three|
trio_printf("|Argument missing %s|\n", NULL);
|Argument missing (nil)|
trio_printf("|%#s|\n", "\007 \a.");
|\a \a.|
</pre></div>
<p>
<em>Unsigned</em> ( <code>u</code> )
<p>
Output an unsigned integer. Default base is 10.
<p>
<em>Hex</em> ( <code>x</code>, <code>X</code> )
<p>
Output a hexadecimal (base 16) representation of a number.
<p>
<ul>
<li> Alternative ( <code>#</code> ). Preceed the number by <code>0x</code> ( or <code>0X</code> ). The two characters are counted as part of the width.</ul>
<em>User-defined</em> ( <code><></code> )
<p>
Invoke user-defined formatting. See <a class="el" href="group___user_defined.html#a0">trio_register</a> for further information.
<p>
<b>RETURN</b> <b>VALUES</b>
<p>
All functions returns the number of outputted characters. If an error occured then a negative error code is returned [TRIO]. Note that this is a deviation from the standard, which simply returns -1 (or EOF) and errno set appropriately. The error condition can be detected by checking whether the function returns a negative number or not, and the number can be parsed with the following macros. The error codes are primarily intended as debugging aide for the developer.
<p>
<ul>
<li> TRIO_EINVAL: Invalid argument. <li> TRIO_ETOOMANY: Too many arguments. <li> TRIO_EDBLREF: Double argument reference. <li> TRIO_EGAP: Argument reference gap. <li> TRIO_ENOMEM: Out of memory. <li> TRIO_ERANGE: Invalid range. <li> TRIO_ERRNO: The error is specified by the errno variable.</ul>
Example: <div class="fragment"><pre>
int rc;
rc = trio_printf("%r\n", 42);
if (rc < 0) {
if (TRIO_ERROR_CODE(rc) != TRIO_EOF) {
trio_printf("Error: %s at position %d\n",
TRIO_ERROR_NAME(rc),
TRIO_ERROR_POSITION(rc));
}
}
</pre></div>
<p>
<b>SEE</b> <b>ALSO</b>
<p>
<em>trio_scanf</em>, <em>trio_register</em>.
<p>
<b>NOTES</b>
<p>
The printfv family uses an array rather than the stack to pass arguments. This means that <code>short</code> <code>int</code> and <code>float</code> values will not be handled by the default argument promotion in C. Instead, these values must be explicitly converted with the Short (h) modifier in both cases.
<p>
Example: <div class="fragment"><pre>
void *array[2];
float float_number = 42.0;
short short_number = 42;
array[0] = &float_number;
array[1] = &short_number;
trio_printfv("%hf %hd\n", array); /* CORRECT */
trio_printfv("%f %d\n", array); /* WRONG */
</pre></div>
<p>
<b>CONFORMING</b> <b>TO</b>
<p>
Throughout this document the following abbreviations have been used to indicate what standard a feature conforms to. If nothing else is indicated ANSI C (C89) is assumed.
<p>
<ul>
<li> [C89] ANSI X3.159-1989 <li> [C99] ISO/IEC 9899:1999 <li> [UNIX98] The Single UNIX Specification, Version 2 <li> [BSD] 4.4BSD <li> [GNU] GNU libc <li> [MSVC] Microsoft Visual C <li> [MISC] Other non-standard sources <li> [TRIO] Extensions specific for this package </ul>
<hr><h2>Function Documentation</h2>
<a name="a6" doxytag="trio.c::trio_dprintf"></a><p>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td class="md">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td class="md" nowrap valign="top"> int trio_dprintf </td>
<td class="md" valign="top">( </td>
<td class="md" nowrap valign="top">int </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>fd</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td class="md" nowrap>const char * </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>format</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td class="md" nowrap>... </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td class="md">) </td>
<td class="md" colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=5 cellpadding=0 border=0>
<tr>
<td>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Print to file descriptor.
<p>
<dl compact><dt><b>
Parameters: </b><dd>
<table border=0 cellspacing=2 cellpadding=0>
<tr><td valign=top><em>fd</em> </td><td>
File descriptor. </td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><em>format</em> </td><td>
Formatting string. </td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><em>...</em> </td><td>
Arguments. </td></tr>
</table>
</dl><dl compact><dt><b>
Returns: </b><dd>
Number of printed characters. </dl> </td>
</tr>
</table>
<a name="a8" doxytag="trio.c::trio_dprintfv"></a><p>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td class="md">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td class="md" nowrap valign="top"> int trio_dprintfv </td>
<td class="md" valign="top">( </td>
<td class="md" nowrap valign="top">int </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>fd</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td class="md" nowrap>const char * </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>format</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td class="md" nowrap>trio_pointer_t * </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>args</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td class="md">) </td>
<td class="md" colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=5 cellpadding=0 border=0>
<tr>
<td>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Print to file descriptor.
<p>
<dl compact><dt><b>
Parameters: </b><dd>
<table border=0 cellspacing=2 cellpadding=0>
<tr><td valign=top><em>fd</em> </td><td>
File descriptor. </td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><em>format</em> </td><td>
Formatting string. </td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><em>args</em> </td><td>
Arguments. </td></tr>
</table>
</dl><dl compact><dt><b>
Returns: </b><dd>
Number of printed characters. </dl> </td>
</tr>
</table>
<a name="a3" doxytag="trio.c::trio_fprintf"></a><p>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td class="md">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td class="md" nowrap valign="top"> int trio_fprintf </td>
<td class="md" valign="top">( </td>
<td class="md" nowrap valign="top">FILE * </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>file</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td class="md" nowrap>const char * </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>format</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td class="md" nowrap>... </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td class="md">) </td>
<td class="md" colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=5 cellpadding=0 border=0>
<tr>
<td>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Print to file.
<p>
<dl compact><dt><b>
Parameters: </b><dd>
<table border=0 cellspacing=2 cellpadding=0>
<tr><td valign=top><em>file</em> </td><td>
File pointer. </td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><em>format</em> </td><td>
Formatting string. </td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><em>...</em> </td><td>
Arguments. </td></tr>
</table>
</dl><dl compact><dt><b>
Returns: </b><dd>
Number of printed characters. </dl> </td>
</tr>
</table>
<a name="a5" doxytag="trio.c::trio_fprintfv"></a><p>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td class="md">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td class="md" nowrap valign="top"> int trio_fprintfv </td>
<td class="md" valign="top">( </td>
<td class="md" nowrap valign="top">FILE * </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>file</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td class="md" nowrap>const char * </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>format</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td class="md" nowrap>trio_pointer_t * </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>args</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td class="md">) </td>
<td class="md" colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=5 cellpadding=0 border=0>
<tr>
<td>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Print to file.
<p>
<dl compact><dt><b>
Parameters: </b><dd>
<table border=0 cellspacing=2 cellpadding=0>
<tr><td valign=top><em>file</em> </td><td>
File pointer. </td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><em>format</em> </td><td>
Formatting string. </td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><em>args</em> </td><td>
Arguments. </td></tr>
</table>
</dl><dl compact><dt><b>
Returns: </b><dd>
Number of printed characters. </dl> </td>
</tr>
</table>
<a name="a0" doxytag="trio.c::trio_printf"></a><p>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td class="md">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td class="md" nowrap valign="top"> int trio_printf </td>
<td class="md" valign="top">( </td>
<td class="md" nowrap valign="top">const char * </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>format</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td class="md" nowrap>... </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td class="md">) </td>
<td class="md" colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=5 cellpadding=0 border=0>
<tr>
<td>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Print to standard output stream.
<p>
<dl compact><dt><b>
Parameters: </b><dd>
<table border=0 cellspacing=2 cellpadding=0>
<tr><td valign=top><em>format</em> </td><td>
Formatting string. </td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><em>...</em> </td><td>
Arguments. </td></tr>
</table>
</dl><dl compact><dt><b>
Returns: </b><dd>
Number of printed characters. </dl> </td>
</tr>
</table>
<a name="a2" doxytag="trio.c::trio_printfv"></a><p>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td class="md">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td class="md" nowrap valign="top"> int trio_printfv </td>
<td class="md" valign="top">( </td>
<td class="md" nowrap valign="top">const char * </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>format</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td class="md" nowrap>trio_pointer_t * </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>args</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td class="md">) </td>
<td class="md" colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=5 cellpadding=0 border=0>
<tr>
<td>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Print to standard output stream.
<p>
<dl compact><dt><b>
Parameters: </b><dd>
<table border=0 cellspacing=2 cellpadding=0>
<tr><td valign=top><em>format</em> </td><td>
Formatting string. </td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><em>args</em> </td><td>
Arguments. </td></tr>
</table>
</dl><dl compact><dt><b>
Returns: </b><dd>
Number of printed characters. </dl> </td>
</tr>
</table>
<a name="a15" doxytag="trio.c::trio_snprintf"></a><p>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td class="md">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td class="md" nowrap valign="top"> int trio_snprintf </td>
<td class="md" valign="top">( </td>
<td class="md" nowrap valign="top">char * </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>buffer</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td class="md" nowrap>size_t </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>max</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td class="md" nowrap>const char * </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>format</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td class="md" nowrap>... </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td class="md">) </td>
<td class="md" colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=5 cellpadding=0 border=0>
<tr>
<td>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Print at most <code>max</code> characters to string.
<p>
<dl compact><dt><b>
Parameters: </b><dd>
<table border=0 cellspacing=2 cellpadding=0>
<tr><td valign=top><em>buffer</em> </td><td>
Output string. </td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><em>max</em> </td><td>
Maximum number of characters to print. </td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><em>format</em> </td><td>
Formatting string. </td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><em>...</em> </td><td>
Arguments. </td></tr>
</table>
</dl><dl compact><dt><b>
Returns: </b><dd>
Number of printed characters. </dl> </td>
</tr>
</table>
<a name="a17" doxytag="trio.c::trio_snprintfv"></a><p>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td class="md">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td class="md" nowrap valign="top"> int trio_snprintfv </td>
<td class="md" valign="top">( </td>
<td class="md" nowrap valign="top">char * </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>buffer</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td class="md" nowrap>size_t </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>max</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td class="md" nowrap>const char * </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>format</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td class="md" nowrap>trio_pointer_t * </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>args</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td class="md">) </td>
<td class="md" colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=5 cellpadding=0 border=0>
<tr>
<td>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Print at most <code>max</code> characters to string.
<p>
<dl compact><dt><b>
Parameters: </b><dd>
<table border=0 cellspacing=2 cellpadding=0>
<tr><td valign=top><em>buffer</em> </td><td>
Output string. </td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><em>max</em> </td><td>
Maximum number of characters to print. </td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><em>format</em> </td><td>
Formatting string. </td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><em>args</em> </td><td>
Arguments. </td></tr>
</table>
</dl><dl compact><dt><b>
Returns: </b><dd>
Number of printed characters. </dl> </td>
</tr>
</table>
<a name="a12" doxytag="trio.c::trio_sprintf"></a><p>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td class="md">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td class="md" nowrap valign="top"> int trio_sprintf </td>
<td class="md" valign="top">( </td>
<td class="md" nowrap valign="top">char * </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>buffer</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td class="md" nowrap>const char * </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>format</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td class="md" nowrap>... </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td class="md">) </td>
<td class="md" colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=5 cellpadding=0 border=0>
<tr>
<td>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Print to string.
<p>
<dl compact><dt><b>
Parameters: </b><dd>
<table border=0 cellspacing=2 cellpadding=0>
<tr><td valign=top><em>buffer</em> </td><td>
Output string. </td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><em>format</em> </td><td>
Formatting string. </td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><em>...</em> </td><td>
Arguments. </td></tr>
</table>
</dl><dl compact><dt><b>
Returns: </b><dd>
Number of printed characters. </dl> </td>
</tr>
</table>
<a name="a14" doxytag="trio.c::trio_sprintfv"></a><p>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td class="md">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td class="md" nowrap valign="top"> int trio_sprintfv </td>
<td class="md" valign="top">( </td>
<td class="md" nowrap valign="top">char * </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>buffer</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td class="md" nowrap>const char * </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>format</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td class="md" nowrap>trio_pointer_t * </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>args</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td class="md">) </td>
<td class="md" colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=5 cellpadding=0 border=0>
<tr>
<td>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Print to string.
<p>
<dl compact><dt><b>
Parameters: </b><dd>
<table border=0 cellspacing=2 cellpadding=0>
<tr><td valign=top><em>buffer</em> </td><td>
Output string. </td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><em>format</em> </td><td>
Formatting string. </td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><em>args</em> </td><td>
Arguments. </td></tr>
</table>
</dl><dl compact><dt><b>
Returns: </b><dd>
Number of printed characters. </dl> </td>
</tr>
</table>
<a name="a7" doxytag="trio.c::trio_vdprintf"></a><p>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td class="md">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td class="md" nowrap valign="top"> int trio_vdprintf </td>
<td class="md" valign="top">( </td>
<td class="md" nowrap valign="top">int </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>fd</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td class="md" nowrap>const char * </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>format</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td class="md" nowrap>va_list </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>args</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td class="md">) </td>
<td class="md" colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=5 cellpadding=0 border=0>
<tr>
<td>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Print to file descriptor.
<p>
<dl compact><dt><b>
Parameters: </b><dd>
<table border=0 cellspacing=2 cellpadding=0>
<tr><td valign=top><em>fd</em> </td><td>
File descriptor. </td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><em>format</em> </td><td>
Formatting string. </td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><em>args</em> </td><td>
Arguments. </td></tr>
</table>
</dl><dl compact><dt><b>
Returns: </b><dd>
Number of printed characters. </dl> </td>
</tr>
</table>
<a name="a4" doxytag="trio.c::trio_vfprintf"></a><p>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td class="md">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td class="md" nowrap valign="top"> int trio_vfprintf </td>
<td class="md" valign="top">( </td>
<td class="md" nowrap valign="top">FILE * </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>file</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td class="md" nowrap>const char * </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>format</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td class="md" nowrap>va_list </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>args</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td class="md">) </td>
<td class="md" colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=5 cellpadding=0 border=0>
<tr>
<td>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Print to file.
<p>
<dl compact><dt><b>
Parameters: </b><dd>
<table border=0 cellspacing=2 cellpadding=0>
<tr><td valign=top><em>file</em> </td><td>
File pointer. </td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><em>format</em> </td><td>
Formatting string. </td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><em>args</em> </td><td>
Arguments. </td></tr>
</table>
</dl><dl compact><dt><b>
Returns: </b><dd>
Number of printed characters. </dl> </td>
</tr>
</table>
<a name="a1" doxytag="trio.c::trio_vprintf"></a><p>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td class="md">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td class="md" nowrap valign="top"> int trio_vprintf </td>
<td class="md" valign="top">( </td>
<td class="md" nowrap valign="top">const char * </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>format</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td class="md" nowrap>va_list </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>args</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td class="md">) </td>
<td class="md" colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=5 cellpadding=0 border=0>
<tr>
<td>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Print to standard output stream.
<p>
<dl compact><dt><b>
Parameters: </b><dd>
<table border=0 cellspacing=2 cellpadding=0>
<tr><td valign=top><em>format</em> </td><td>
Formatting string. </td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><em>args</em> </td><td>
Arguments. </td></tr>
</table>
</dl><dl compact><dt><b>
Returns: </b><dd>
Number of printed characters. </dl> </td>
</tr>
</table>
<a name="a16" doxytag="trio.c::trio_vsnprintf"></a><p>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td class="md">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td class="md" nowrap valign="top"> int trio_vsnprintf </td>
<td class="md" valign="top">( </td>
<td class="md" nowrap valign="top">char * </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>buffer</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td class="md" nowrap>size_t </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>max</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td class="md" nowrap>const char * </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>format</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td class="md" nowrap>va_list </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>args</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td class="md">) </td>
<td class="md" colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=5 cellpadding=0 border=0>
<tr>
<td>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Print at most <code>max</code> characters to string.
<p>
<dl compact><dt><b>
Parameters: </b><dd>
<table border=0 cellspacing=2 cellpadding=0>
<tr><td valign=top><em>buffer</em> </td><td>
Output string. </td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><em>max</em> </td><td>
Maximum number of characters to print. </td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><em>format</em> </td><td>
Formatting string. </td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><em>args</em> </td><td>
Arguments. </td></tr>
</table>
</dl><dl compact><dt><b>
Returns: </b><dd>
Number of printed characters. </dl> </td>
</tr>
</table>
<a name="a13" doxytag="trio.c::trio_vsprintf"></a><p>
<table width="100%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td class="md">
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0">
<tr>
<td class="md" nowrap valign="top"> int trio_vsprintf </td>
<td class="md" valign="top">( </td>
<td class="md" nowrap valign="top">char * </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>buffer</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td class="md" nowrap>const char * </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>format</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td class="md" nowrap>va_list </td>
<td class="mdname" nowrap> <em>args</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td class="md">) </td>
<td class="md" colspan="2"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=5 cellpadding=0 border=0>
<tr>
<td>
</td>
<td>
<p>
Print to string.
<p>
<dl compact><dt><b>
Parameters: </b><dd>
<table border=0 cellspacing=2 cellpadding=0>
<tr><td valign=top><em>buffer</em> </td><td>
Output string. </td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><em>format</em> </td><td>
Formatting string. </td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top><em>args</em> </td><td>
Arguments. </td></tr>
</table>
</dl><dl compact><dt><b>
Returns: </b><dd>
Number of printed characters. </dl> </td>
</tr>
</table>
<HR>
<center class="copyright">Copyright (C) 2001 Bjørn Reese and Daniel Stenberg.</center>
</body>
</html>
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