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If you have a question or answer you think ought to be added to this FAQ list, mail it to fetchmail's maintainer, Eric S. Raymond, at esr@snark.thyrsus.com.
Fetchmail is not a toy or a coder's learning exercise, but an industrial-strength tool capable of transparently handling every retrieval demand from those of a simple single-user ISP connection up to mail retrieval and rerouting for an entire client domain. Fetchmail is easy to configure, unobtrusive in operation, powerful, feature-rich, and well documented.
Fetchmail is Open Source software. The openness of the sources is the strongest assurance of quality you can have. Extensive peer review by a large, multi-platform user community has shown that fetchmail is as near bulletproof as the underlying protocols permit.
If you found this FAQ in the distribution, see the README for fetchmail's full feature list.
A text dump of this FAQ is included in the fetchmail distribution. Because it freezes at distribution release time, it may not be completely current.
It is helpful if you include your .fetchmailrc file, but not necessary unless your symptom seems to involve an error in configuration parsing.
If fetchmail seems to run and fetch mail, but the headers look mangled (that is, headers are missing or blank lines are inserted in the headers) then read the FAQ items in section X before submitting a bug report. Pay special attention to the item on diagnosing mail mangling. There are lots of ways for other programs in the mail chain to screw up that look like fetchmail's fault, but you may be able to fix these by tweaking your configuration.
A transcript of the failed session with -v -v (yes, that's two -v options, enabling debug mode) will almost always be useful. It is very important that the transcript include your POP/IMAP server's greeting line, so I can identify it in case of server problems. This transcript will not reveal your passwords, which are specially masked out precisely so the transcript can be passed around.
If the bug involves a core dump or hang, a gdb stack trace is good to have. (Bear in mind that you can attach gdb to a running but hung process by giving the process ID as a second argument.) You will need to reconfigure with
Best of all is a mail file which, when fetched, will reproduce the bug under the latest (current) version.
Any bug I can reproduce will usually get fixed very quickly, often within 48 hours. Bugs I can't reproduce are a crapshoot. If the solution isn't obvious when I first look, it may evade me for a long time (or to put it another way, fetchmail is well enough tested that the easy bugs have long since been found). So if you want your bug fixed rapidly, it is not just sufficient but nearly necessary that you give me a way to reproduce it.
You can do spam filtering better with procmail or maildrop on the
server side and (if you're the server sysadmin) sendmail.cf domain
exclusions. You can do other policy things better with the
mda option and script wrappers around fetchmail. If
it's a prime-time-vs.-non-prime-time issue, ask yourself whether a
wrapper script called from crontab would do the job.
I'm not going to do these; fetchmail's job is transport, not policy, and I refuse to change it from doing one thing well to attempting many things badly. One of my objectives is to keep fetchmail simple so it stays reliable.
Furthermore, since about version 4.3.0 fetchmail has passed out of active development and been essentially stable. It is no longer my top project, and I am going to be quite reluctant to add features that might either jeopardize its stability or or involve me in large amounts of coding.
All that said, if you have a feature idea that really is about a transport problem that can't be handled anywhere but fetchmail, lay it on me. I'm very accommodating about good ideas.
Both lists are SmartList reflectors; sign up in the usual way with a message containing the word "subscribe" in the subject line sent to fetchmail-friends-request@thyrsus.com or fetchmail-announce-request@thyrsus.com. (Similarly, "unsubscribe" in the Subject line unsubscribes you, and "help" returns general list help)
The experiment was a success. I wrote a paper about it titled The Cathedral and the Bazaar which was first presented at Linux Kongress '97 in Bavaria and very well received there. It was also given at Atlanta Linux Expo, Linux Pro '97 in Warsaw, and the first Perl Conference, at UniForum '98, and was the basis of an invited presentation at Usenix '98. The folks at Netscape tell me it helped them decide to give away the source for Netscape Communicator).
If you're reading a non-HTML dump of this FAQ, you can find the paper on the Web with a search for that title.
Here's a longer answer:
Fetchmail will work with any POP, IMAP, or ESMTP/ETRN server that conforms to the relevant RFCs (and even some outright broken ones like Microsoft Exchange). This doesn't mean it works equally well with all, however. POP2 servers, and POP3 servers without LAST, limit fetchmail's capabilities in various ways described on the manual page.
Most modern Unixes (and effectively all Linux/*BSD systems) come with POP3 support preconfigured (but beware of the horribly broken POP3 server mentioned in D2). An increasing minority also feature IMAP (you can detect IMAP support by running fetchmail in AUTO mode, or by using the `Probe for a server' function in the fetchmailconf utility).
If you have the option, we recommend using or installing an IMAP4rev1 server; it has the best facilities for tracking message `seen' states. It also recovers from interrupted connections more gracefully than POP3, and enables some significant performance optimizations.
Don't be fooled by NT/Exchange propaganda. M$ Exchange is just plain broken (see item S1) and NT cannot handle the sustained load of a high-volume remote mail server. Even Microsoft itself knows better than to try this; their own Hotmail service runs over Solaris! For extended discussion, see John Kirch's excellent white paper on Unix vs. NT performance.
You can find sources for IMAP software at The IMAP Connection; we like the open-source UW IMAP server, which is the reference implementation of IMAP. UW IMAP's support for GSSAPI gives you a good way to authenticate without sending a password en clair.
Source for a high-quality supported implementation of POP is available from the Eudora FTP site. Don't use 2.5, which has a rather restrictive license. The 2.5.2 version appears to restore the open-source license of previous versions.
Most people use fetchmail over phone wires, which are hard to tap. Anybody with the skill and resources to do this could get into your server mailbox with much less effort by subverting the server host. So if your provider setup is modem wires going straight into a service box, you probably don't need to worry.
In general there is little point in trying to secure your fetchmail transaction unless you trust the security of the server host you are retrieving mail from. Your vulnerability is more likely to be an insecure local network on the server end (e.g. to somebody with a TCP/IP packet sniffer intercepting Ethernet traffic between the modem concentrator you dial in to and the mailserver host).
Having realized this, you need to ask whether password encryption alone will really address your security exposure. If you think you might be snooped, it's better to use end-to-end encryption on your whole mail stream so none of it can be read. One of the advantages of fetchmail over conventional SMTP-push delivery is that you may be able to arrange this by using ssh(1); see K3.
If ssh/sshd isn't available, or you find it too complicated for you to set up, password encryption will at least keep a malicious cracker from deleting your mail, and require him to either tap your connection continuously or crack root on the server in order to read it.
You can deduce what encryptions your mail server has available by
by looking at the server greeting line (and, for IMAP, the
response to a CAPABILITY query). Do a fetchmail -v
to see these, or telnet direct to the server port (110 for POP3, 143 for
IMAP).
The facility you are most likely to have available is APOP. This is a
POP3 feature supported by many servers (fetchmailconf's autoprobe
facility will detect it and tell you if you have it). If you see
something in the greeting line that looks like an
angle-bracket-enclosed Internet address with a numeric left-hand part,
that's an APOP challenge (it will vary each time you log in). You can
register a secret on the host (using popauth(8) or some
program like it). Specify the secret as your password in your
.fetchmailrc; it will be used to encrypt the current challenge, and
the encrypted form will be sent back the the server for
verification.
Alternatively, you may have Kerberos available. This may require you to set up some magic files in your home directory on your client machine, but means you can omit specifying any password at all.
Fetchmail supports two different Kerberos schemes. One is a POP3 variant called KPOP; consult the documentation of your mail server to see if you have it (one clue is the string "krb-IV" in the greeting line on port 110). The other is an IMAP facility described by RFC1731. You can tell if this one is present by looking for AUTH=KERBEROS_V4 in the CAPABILITY response.
If you are fetching mail from a CompuServe POP3 account, you can use their RPA authentication (which works much like APOP). See S2 for details.
Your POP3 server may have the RFC1938 OTP capability to use one-time passwords (if it doesn't, you can get OTP patches for the 2.2 version of the Qualcomm popper from Craig Metz). To check this, look for the string "otp-" in the greeting line. If you see it, and your fetchmail was built with OPIE support compiled in (see the distribution INSTALL file), fetchmail will detect it also. When using OTP, you will specify a password but it will not be sent en clair.
Sadly, there is at present (July 1998) no OTP or APOP-like facility generally available on IMAP servers. However, there do exist patches which will OTP-enable the University of Washington IMAP daemon, version 4.2-FINAL. And we have a report that the GSSAPI support in fetchmail works with the GSSAPI support in the most recent version of UW IMAP.
You can get both POP3 and IMAP OTP patches from Craig Metz, over FTP via either ftp://ftp.inner.net/pub/opie/patches (IPv4) or ftp://ftp.ipv6.inner.net/pub/opie/patches (IPv6).
These patches use a SASL authentication method named "X-OTP" because there is not currently a standard way to do this; fetchmail also uses this method, so the two will interoperate happily. They better, because this is how Craig gets his mail ;-)
(One important win of OTP is that it's not subject to EAR restrictions.)
Appending the FQDN can create problems when fetchmail is running in daemon mode and outlasts the dynamic IP address assignment your client machine had when it started up.
Since the new IP address (looked up at RCPT TO interpretation time) doesn't match the original, the most benign possible result is that your MTA thinks it's seeing a relaying attempt and refuses. More frequently, fetchmail will try to connect to a nonexistent host address and time out. Worst case, you could up forwarding your mail to the wrong machine!
Use the smtpaddress option to force the appended hostname
to one with a (fixed) IP address of 127.0.0.1 in your
/etc/hosts. (The name `localhost' will usually work; or
you can use the IP address itself).
Only one fetchmail option interacts directly with your IP address,
`interface'. This option can be used to set the gateway
device and restrict the IP address range fetchmail will use. Such a
restriction is sometimes useful for security reasons, especially on
multihomed sites. See C3.
I recommend against trying to set up the interface option
when initially developing your poll configuration -- it's never
necessary to do this just to get a link working. Get the link working
first, observe the actual address range you see on connections, and
add an interface option (if you need one) later.
If you're using a dynamic-IP configuration, one other (non-fetchmail) problem you may run into with outgoing mail is that some sites will bounce your email because the hostname your giving them isn't real (and doesn't match what they get doing a reverse DNS on your dynamically-assigned IP address). If this happens, you need to hack your sendmail so it masquerades as your host. Setting
DMsmarthost.herein your
sendmail.cf will work, or you can set
MASQUERADE_AS(smarthost.here)in the m4 configuration and do a reconfigure. (In both cases, replace
smarthost.here with the actual name of your mailhost.)
See the sendmail
FAQ for more details.
The specific recipe for using fetchmail with a firewall is at K1
I couldn't have put it better myself, and ain't going to try now.
Fetchmail only handles the receiving side. The sendmail or other preinstalled MTA on your client machine will handle sending mail automatically; it will ship mail that is submitted while the connection is active, and put mail that is submitted while the connection is inactive into the outgoing queue.
Normally, sendmail is also run periodically (every 15 minutes on most Linux systems) in a mode that tries to ship all the mail in the outgoing queue. If you have set up something like pppd to automatically dial out when your kernel is called to open a TCP/IP connection, this will ensure that the mail gets out.
mxget.o(.text+0x35): undefined referenceto `__res_search' mxget.o(.text+0x99): undefined reference to`__dn_skipname' mxget.o(.text+0x11c): undefined reference to`__dn_expand' mxget.o(.text+0x187): undefined reference to`__dn_expand' make: *** [fetchmail] Error 1then you must add "-lresolv" to the LOADLIBS line in your Makefile once you have installed the `bind' package.
dns option is on (the default), you may need to
make sure that any hostname you specify (for mail hosts or for an SMTP
target) is a canonical fully-qualified hostname). In order to avoid
DNS overhead and complications, fetchmail no longer tries to derive
the fetchmail client machine's canonical DNS name at startup.
via' option was introduced, I realized
that the interactions between the `via',
`aka', and `localdomains' options were out
of control. Their behavior had become complex and confusing, so much so
that I was no longer sure I understood it myself. Users were being
unpleasantly surprised.
Rather than add more options or crock the code, I re-thought it. The
redesign simplified the code and made the options more orthogonal, but
may have broken some complex multidrop configurations.
Any multidrop configurations that depended on the name just after the
`poll' or `skip' keyword being still
interpreted as a DNS name for address-matching purposes, even in the
presence of a `via' option, will break.
It is theoretically possible that other unusual configurations (such as those using a non-FQDN poll name to generate Kerberos IV tickets) might also break; the old behavior was sufficiently murky that we can't be sure. If you think this has happened to you, contact the maintainer.
remote' keyword has been changed to `folder'.
If you try to use the old keyword, the parser will utter a warning.
username'
keyword leading the first user entry attached to a server entry.
This error can be triggered by having a user option such as `keep'
or `fetchall' before the first explicit username. For
example, if you write
poll openmail protocol pop3 keep user "Hal DeVore" there is hdevore herethe `
keep' option will generate an entire user entry with
the default username (the name of fetchmail's invoking user).The popclient compatibility syntax was removed in 4.0. It complicated the configuration file grammar and confused users.
interface', `monitor' and
`batchlimit' options changed after 2.8.
They used to be global options with `set' syntax like the
batchlimit and logfile options. Now they're per-server options, like
`protocol'.
If you had something like
set interface = "sl0/10.0.2.15"in your .fetchmailrc file, simply delete that line and insert `interface sl0/10.0.2.15' in the server options part of your `defaults' declaration.
Do similarly for any `monitor' or `batchlimit' options.
The configuration file parser treats any all-numeric token as a number, which will confuse it when it's expecting a name. String quoting forces the token's class.
You can work around this easily. Just put string quotes around your token.
I haven't fixed this because there is no good fix for it short of implementing a token pushback stack in the lexer. That's more additional complexity than I'm willing to add to banish a very marginal bug with an easy workaround.
(cd; mv .poprc .fetchmailrc)and do
fetchmail -V to see if fetchmail's parser understands
your configuration.Be aware that some of popclient's unnecessary options have been removed (see the NOTES file in the distribution for explanation). You can't deliver to a local mail file or to standard output any more, and using an MDA for delivery is discouraged. If you throw those options away, fetchmail will now forward your mail into your system's normal Internet-mail delivery path.
Actually, using an MDA is now almost always the wrong thing; the MDA facility has been retained only for people who can't or won't run a sendmail-like SMTP listener on port 25. The default, SMTP forwarding to port 25, is better for at least three major reasons. One: it feeds retrieved POP and IMAP mail into your system's normal delivery path along with local mail and normal Internet mail, so all your normal filtering/aliasing/forwarding setup for local mail works. Two: because the port 25 listener returns a positive acknowledge, fetchmail can be sure you're not going to lose mail to a disk-full or some other resource-exhaustion problem. Three: it means fetchmail doesn't have to know where the system mailboxes are, or futz with file locking (which makes two fewer places for it to potentially mess up).
If you used to use -mda "procmail -d
<you>" or something similar, forward to port
25 and do "| procmail -d <you>" in
your ~/.forward file.
As long as your new .fetchmailrc file does not use the removed
`localfolder' option or `limit' (which now takes a
maximum byte size rather than a line count), a straight move or copy
of your .poprc will often work. (The new run control file syntax also
has to be a little stricter about the order of options than the old,
in order to support multiple user descriptions per server; thus you
may have to rearrange things a bit.)
Run control files in the minimal .poprc format (without the `username'
token) will trigger a warning. To eliminate this warning, add the
`username' keyword before your first user entry per server (it is
already required before second and subsequent user entries per server.
In some future version the `username' keyword will be required.
Yes, I know these ordering restrictions are hard to understand. Unfortunately, they're necessary in order to allow the `defaults' feature to work.
On the machine where I'm the only real user, I run fetchmail as root from a cron job, like this:
fetchmail -u "itz" -p POP3 -s bolero.rahul.net
This used to work as is (with no .fetchmailrc file in root's home
directory) with the last version I had (1.7 or 1.8, I don't
remember). But with 2.0, it RECPs all mail to the local root user,
unless I create a .fetchmailrc in root's home directory containing:
skip bolero.rahul.net proto POP3
user itz is itz
It won't work if the second line is just "user itz". This is silly.It seems fetchmail decides to RECP the `default local user' (i.e. the uid running fetchmail) unless there are local aliases, and the `default' aliases (itz->itz) don't count. They should.
Answer:
No they shouldn't. I thought about this for a while, and I don't much like the conclusion I reached, but it's unavoidable. The problem is that fetchmail has no way to know, in general, that a local user `itz' actually exists.
"Ah!" you say, "Why doesn't it check the password file to see if the remote name matches a local one?" Well, there are two reasons.
One: it's not always possible. Suppose you have an SMTP host declared that's not the machine fetchmail is running on? You lose.
Two: How do you know server itz and SMTP-host itz are the same person? They might not be, and fetchmail shouldn't assume they are unless local-itz can explicitly produce credentials to prove it (that is, the server-itz password in local-itz's .fetchmailrc file.).
Once you start running down possible failure modes and thinking about ways to tinker with the mapping rules, you'll quickly find that all the alternatives to the present default are worse or unacceptably more complicated or both.
Automatic startup/shutdown of fetchmail is a little harder to arrange if you may have multiple login sessions going. In the contrib subdirectory of the fetchmail distribution there is some shell code you can add to your .bash_login and .bash_logout profiles that will accomplish this. Thank James Laferriere <babydr@nwrain.net> for it.
First, you may not need to use --interface at all. If your machine only ever does SLIP or PPP to one provider, it's almost certainly by a point to point modem connection to your provider's local subnet that's pretty secure against snooping (unless someone can tap your phone or the provider's local subnet!). Under these circumstances, specifying an interface address is fairly pointless.
What the option is really for is sites that use more than one provider. Under these circumstances, typically one of your provider IP addresses is your mailserver (reachable fairly securely via the modem and provider's subnet) but the others might ship your packets (including your password) over unknown portions of the general Internet that could be vulnerable to snooping. What you'll use --interface for is to make sure your password only goes over the one secure link.
To determine the device:
interface "sl0/205.164.136.0/255.255.255.0"would work. To range over any value of the last two octets (65536 addresses) you would use
interface "sl0/205.164.0.0/255.255.0.0"
Stock sendmails can now do anti-spam exclusions based on a database of filter rules. The human-readable form of the database is at /etc/mail/deny. The database itself is at /etc/mail/deny.db.
The table itself uses email addresses, domain names, and network numbers as keys. For example,
spammer@aol.com REJECT cyberspammer.com REJECT 192.168.212 REJECT
would refuse mail from spammer@aol.com, any user from cyberspammer.com (or any host within the cyberspammer.com domain), and any host on the 192.168.212.* network. (This feature can be used to do other things as well; see the sendmail documentation for details)
To actually set up the database, runmakemap hash deny <denyin /etc/mail.
To test, send a message to your mailing address from that host and then pop off the message with fetchmail, using the -v argument. You can monitor the SMTP transaction, and when the FROM address is parsed, if sendmail sees that it is an address in spamlist, fetchmail will flush and delete it.
Under no circumstances put your mailhost or any host you accept mail from using fetchmail into your reject file. You will lose mail if you do this!!!
FEATURE(always_add_domain) is included
in sendmail's configuration, you can leave the rewrite
option off.
Günther Leber reports that Digital Unix sendmails won't work with
fetchmail. The symptom is an error message "553 Local configuration
error, hostname not recognized as local". The problem is that
fetchmail normally feeds sendmail with the client machine's host
address in the MAIL FROM line. These sendmails think this means
they're seeing the result of a mail loop and suppress the mail. You
may be able to work around this by running in --invisible mode.
If you want to support multidrop mode, and you can get access to your mailserver's sendmail.cf file, it's a good idea to add this rule:
H?l?Delivered-To: $uand declare `
envelope "Delivered-To:"'. This will cause the
mailserver's sendmail to reliably write the appropriate envelope
address into each message before fetchmail sees it, and tell fetchmail
which header it is. With this change, multidrop mode should work
reliably even when the Received header omits the envelope address
(which will typically be the case when the message has multiple
recipients).
forcecr option; qmail's listener mode doesn't like
header or message lines terminated with bare linefeeds.(This information is thanks to Robert de Bath <robert@mayday.cix.co.uk>.)
If a mailhost is using the qmail package (see http://pobox.com/~djb/qmail.html) then, providing the local hosts are also using qmail, it is possible to set up one fetchmail link to be reliably collect the mail for an entire domain.
One of the basic features of qmail is the `Delivered-To:' message header. Whenever qmail delivers a message to a local mailbox it puts the username and hostname of the envelope recipient on this line. The major reason for this is to prevent mail loops.
To set up qmail to batch mail for a disconnected site the ISP-mailhost will have normally put that site in its `virtualhosts' control file so it will add a prefix to all mail addresses for this site. This results in mail sent to 'username@userhost.userdom.dom.com' having a 'Delivered-To:' line of the form:
Delivered-To: mbox-userstr-username@userhost.userdom.dom.com
A single host maildrop will be slightly simpler:
Delivered-To: mbox-userstr-username@userhost.dom.com
The ISP can make the 'mbox-userstr-' prefix anything they choose
but a string matching the user host name is likely.To use this line you must:
| ../bin/qmail-inject -a -f"$SENDER" "${LOCAL#mbox-userstr-}@$HOST}"
Note this does require a modern /bin/sh.Luca Olivetti adds:
If you aren't using qmail locally, or you don't want to set up the
alias mechanism described above, you can use the option `qvirtual
"mbox-userstr-"' in your fetchmail config file to strip the prefix
from the local user name.
By default, the exim listener enforces the the RFC1123 requirement that MAIL FROM and RCPT TO addresses you pass to it have to be canonical (e.g. with a fully qualified hostname part).
Fetchmail always passes fully qualified RCPT TO addresses. But
MAIL FROM is a potential problem if the MTAs upstream from your fetchmail
don't necessarily pass canonicalized From and Return-Path addresses,
and fetchmail's rewrite option is off. The specific case
where this has come up involves bounce messages generated by sendmail
on your mailer host, which have the (un-canonicalized) origin address
MAILER-DAEMON.
The right way to fix this is to enable the rewrite option and
have fetchmail canonicalize From and Return-Path addresses with the
mailserver hostname before exim sees them. This option is enabled by
default, so it won't be off unless you turned it off.
If you must run with rewrite off, there is a switch in exim's
configuration files that allows it to accept domainless MAIL FROM
addresses; you will have to flip it by putting the line
sender_unqualified_hosts = localhost
in the main section of the exim configuration file. Note that this
will result in such messages having an incorrect domain name attached
to their return address (your SMTP listener's hostname rather than
that of the remote mail server).
Smail 3.2 is very nearly plug-compatible with sendmail, and may work fine out of the box.
We have one report that when processing multiple messages from a single fetchmail session, smail sometimes delivers them in an order other than received-date order. This can be annoying because it scrambles conversational threads. This is not fetchmail's problem, it is an smail `feature' and has been reported to the maintainers as a bug.
Very recent smail versions require an -smtp_hello_verify
option in the smail config file. This overrides smail's check to see
that the HELO address is actually that of the client machine, which
is never going to be the case when fetchmail is in the picture.
According to RFC1123 an SMTP listener must allow this
mismatch, so smail's new behavior (introduced sometime between
3.2.0.90 and 3.2.0.95) is a bug.
We're told this is possible, but difficult and tricky (and we don't have the recipe for it). Our informant suggests dropping MMDF and using sendmail instead.
The Lotus Notes SMTP gateway tries to deduce when it should convert \n to \r\n, but its rules are not the intuitive and correct-for-RFC822 ones. Use `forcecr'.
M$ Exchange violates the POP3 RFCs. Its LIST command does not reveal the real sizes of mail in the pop mailbox, but the sizes of the compressed versions in the exchange mail database (thanks to Arjan De Vet and Guido Van Rooij for alerting us to this problem).
Fetchmail works with M$ Exchange, despite this brain damage. Two features are compromised. One is that the --limit option will not work right (it will check against compressed and not actual sizes). The other is that a too-small SIZE argument may be passed to your ESMTP listener, assuming you're using one (this should not be a problem unless the actual size of the message is above the listener's configured length limit).
Somewhat belatedly, I've learned that there's supposed to be a registry bit that can fix this breakage:
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\MsExchangeIs\Parameters System\Pop3 CompatibilityThis is a bitmask that controls the variations from the standard protocol. The bits defined are:
KEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\MsExchangeIs\Parameters System\Pop3 Performance
You can mess with these bits. Or, better yet, you can lose that brain-dead Microsoft crap and install a real operating system on your mailserver.
fetchmail -V;
if you see the string "+RPA" after the version ID you're good to go,
otherwise you'll have to build your own from sources (see the INSTALL
file in the source distribution for directions).Give your CompuServe pass-phrase in lower case as your password. Add `@compuserve.com' to your user ID so that it looks like `user <UserID>@compuserve.com', where <UserID> can be either your numerical userID or your E-mail nickname. An RPA-enabled fetchmail will automatically check for csi.com in the POP server's greeting line. If that's found, and your user ID ends with `@compuserve.com', it will query the server to see if it is RPA-capable, and if so do an RPA transaction rather than a plain-text password handshake.
Warning: the debug (-v -v) output of fetchmail will show your pass-phrase in Unicode!
These two .fetchmailrc entries show the difference between an RPA and non-RPA configuration:
# This version will use RPA
poll csi.com via "pop.site1.csi.com" with proto POP3 and options no dns
user "CSERVE_USER@compuserve.com" there with password "CSERVE_PASSWORD"
is LOCAL_USER here options fetchall stripcr
# This version will not use RPA
poll non-rpa.csi.com via "pop.site1.csi.com" with proto POP3 and options no dns
user "CSERVE_USER" there with password "CSERVE_POP3_PASSWORD"
is LOCAL_USER here options fetchall stripcr
Received: from punt-1.mail.demon.net by mailstore for fred@xyz.demon.co.uk
id 899963657:10:27896:0; Thu, 09 Jul 98 05:54:17 GMT
To enable multi-drop mode you need to tell fetchmail that 'mailstore' is
the name of the host which accepted the mail, and let it know the
hostname part(s) of your E-mail address. The following example assumes
that your hostname is xyz.demon.co.uk, and that you have also bought
"mail forwarding" for the domain my-company.co.uk (in which case your
MTA must also be configured to accept mail sent to user@my-company.co.uk)
poll pop3.demon.co.uk proto pop3 aka mailstore no dns:
localdomains xyz.demon.co.uk my-company.co.uk
user xyz is * fetchall
The `fetchall' command ensures that all mail is downloaded. If you
want to leave mail on the server use `uidl' and `keep'; Demon does not
implement the obsolete `top' command, because SDPS combines messages
residing on two separate punt clusters into a single POP3 maildrop.
If you do use UIDL, be aware that the "user@host" form for fetching
mail from a particular Demon host will confuse fetchmail's UIDL code;
use user+host.Note that Demon may delete mail on the server which is more than 30 days old; see their POP3 page for details.
SDPS includes a non-standard extension for retrieving the envelope of a message (*ENV), which fetchmail optionally supports if compiled with the --enable-SDPS option. If you have it, the first line of the fetchmail -V response will include the string "+SDPS".
Once you have SDPS compiled in, fetchmail in POP3 mode will automatically detect when it's talking to a Demon Internet host in multidrop mode, and use the *ENV extension to get an envelope To address.
The autodetection works by looking at the hostname in the POP3 greeting line; if you're accessing Demon Internet through a proxy it may fail. To force SDPS mode, pick "sdps" as your protocol.
fetchall'. A user reports that the 2.2 version
of USA.NET's POP server reports that you must use the
`fetchall' option to make sure that all of the mail is
retrieved, otherwise some may be left on the server. This is almost
certainly a server bug.
The usa.net servers (at least in their 2.2 version, June 1998) don't
handle the TOP command properly, either. Regardless of the argument
you give it, they retrieve only about 10 lines of the message.
Fetchmail normally uses TOP for message retrieval in order to avoid
marking messages seen, but `fetchall' forces it to use
RETR instead.
(Note: Other failure modes have been reported on usa.net's servers. They seem to be chronically flaky. We recommend finding another provider.)
As with M$ Exchange, the only real fix for these problems is to get a POP (or preferably IMAP) server that isn't brain-dead.
export SOCKS5_SERVER=socks.my.domain.com
runsocks fetchmail [parameters to fetchmail]
Giuseppe Guerini added a --with-socks option that supports linking with socks library. If you specify the value of this option as ``yes'', the configure script will try to find the Rconnect library and set the makefile up to link it. You can also specify a directory containing the Rconnect library.
Workaround:
mda "sed -e1,2D | formail | /usr/bin/procmail -d <user>"Fix: Get an email provider that doesn't suck. Geocities' pop-up adds are lame, you should boycott them anyway.
To use fetchmail with network security (read: IPsec), you need a system that supports IPsec, the API described in the "Network Security API for Sockets" (draft-metz-net-security-api-01.txt), and the inet6-apps kit. This currently means that you need to have a BSD/OS or NetBSD system with the NRL IPv6+IPsec software distribution. A Linux IPsec implementation supporting this API will probably appear in the coming months.
The NRL IPv6+IPsec software distribution can be obtained from: http://web.mit.edu/network/isakmp
The inet6-apps kit can be obtained from ftp://ftp.ipv6.inner.net/pub/ipv6 (via IPv6) or ftp://ftp.inner.net/pub/ipv6 (via IPv4).
More information on using IPv6 with Linux can be obtained from:
First, a lightly edited version of a recipe from Masafumi NAKANE:
1. You must have ssh (the ssh client) on the local host and sshd (ssh server) on the remote mail server. And you have to configure ssh so you can login to the sshd server host without a password. (Refer to ssh man page for several authentication methods.)
2. Add something like following to your .fetchmailrc file:
poll mailhost port 1234 via localhost with proto pop3:
preconnect "ssh -f -L 1234:mailhost:110 mailhost sleep 20 </dev/null >/dev/null";
(Note that 1234 can be an arbitrary port number. Privileged ports can
be specified only by root.) The effect of this ssh command is to
forward connections made to localhost port 1234 (in above example) to
mailhost's 110.This configuration will enable secure mail transfer. All the conversation between fetchmail and remote pop server will be encrypted.
If sshd is not running on the remote mail server, you can specify intermediate host running it. If you do this, however, communication between the machine running sshd and the POP server will not be encrypted. And the preconnect line would be like this:
preconnect "ssh -f -L 1234:mailhost:110 sshdhost sleep 20 </dev/null >/dev/null"You can work this trick with IMAP too, but the port number 110 in the above would need to become 143.
Second, a recipe from Charlie Brady <cbrady@ind.tansu.com.au>:
Charlie says: "The [previous] recipe certainly works, but the solution I post here is better in a few respects":
command="socket localhost 110",no-port-forwarding 1024 ......where "
1024 ......" is the content of noddy's identity.pub file.
#! /bin/sh exec ssh -q -C -l your.login.id -e none mailhost socket localhost 110
1234 stream tcp nowait noddy /usr/sbin/tcpd /usr/local/bin/ssh.fm
For yet a third recipe, see Secure POP via SSH mini-HOWTO.
Neither UW-IMAP nor fetchmail compile in support for GSS by default, since it requires libraries from the Kerberos V distribution (available via FTP at athena-dist.mit.edu but mind the export restrictions). If you have these, compiling in GSS support is simple: add a
--with-gssapi=[/path/to/krb5/root]option to configure. For instance, I have all of my Kerberos V libraries installed under /usr/krb5 so I run
configure --with-gssapi=/usr/krb5
Setting up Kerberos V authentication is beyond the scope of this FAQ (you may find Jim Rome's paper How to Kerberize your site helpful), but you'll at least need to add a credential for imap/[mailhost] to the keytab of the mail server (IMAP doesn't just use the host key). Then you'll need to have your credentials ready on your machine (cf. kinit).
After that things are very simple. Set your protocol to imap-gss in your .fetchmailrc, and omit the password, since imap-gss doesn't need one. You can specify a username if you want, but this is only useful if your mailbox belongs to a username different from your Kerberos principal.
Now you don't have to worry about your password appearing in cleartext in your .fetchmailrc, or across the network.
I can therefore safely tell you, in documentation, that there appears to be a way to set up an SSL command chain using the `plugin' option (originally designed for handling proxy connections across firewalls).
Get your hands on the SSLeay code. Now make yourself a script called `ssl_connect' that calls the SSLeay utility `s_client' as follows:
/usr/local/ssl/bin/s_client -quiet -ssl2 -connect $1:$2Now add `plugin ssl_connect' to the server options for your connection.
The first thing to check is if you can telnet to port 25 on your smtp host (which is normally `localhost' unless you've specified an smtp option in your .fetchmailrc or on the command line) and get a greeting line from the listener. If the SMTP host is inaccessible or the listener is down, fix that first.
If the listener seems to be up when you test with telnet, the most benign and typical problem is that the listener had a momentary seizure due to resource exhaustion while fetchmail was polling it -- process table full or some other problem that stopped the listener process from forking. If your SMTP host is not `localhost' or something else in /etc/hosts, the fetchmail glitch could also have been caused by transient nameserver failure.
Try running fetchmail -v again; if it succeeds, you had one of these kinds of transient glitch. You can ignore these hiccups, because a future fetchmail run will get the mail through.
If the listener tests up, but you have chronic failures trying to connect to it anyway, your problem is more serious. One way to work around chronic SMTP connect problems is to use --mda. But this only attacks the symptom; you may have a DNS or TCP routing problem. You should really try to figure out what's going on underneath before it bites you some other way.
We have one report (from toby@eskimo.com) that you can sometimes solve
such problems by doing an smtp declaration with an IP
address that your routing table maps to something other than the
loopback device (he used ppp0).
We also have a report that this error can be caused by having an /etc/hosts file that associates your client host name with more than one IP address.
It's also possible that your DNS configuration isn't
looking at /etc/hosts at all. If you're using libc5,
look at /etc/resolv.conf; it should say something like
order hosts,bind
so your /etc/hosts file is checked first. If you're
running GNU libc6, check your /etc/nsswitch.conf file. Make
sure it says something like
hosts: files dns
again, in order to make sure /etc/hosts is seen first.If you have a hostname set for your machine, and this hostname does not appear in /etc/hosts, you will be able to telnet to port 25 and even send a mail with rcpt to: user@host-not-in-/etc/hosts, but fetchmail can't seem to get in touch with sendmail, no matter what you set smtpaddress to.
We had another report from a Linux user of fetchmail 2.1 who solved his SMTP connection problem by removing the reference to -lresolv from his link line and relinking. Apparently in some older Linux distributions the libc bind library version works better.
As of 2.2, the configure script has been hacked so the bind library is linked only if it is actually needed. So under Linux it won't be, and this particular cause should go away.
Try sending yourself test mail and retrieving it using the
command-line options `-k -m cat'. This will dump exactly what
fetchmail retrieves to standard output (plus the Received line
fetchmail itself adds to the headers).
If the dump doesn't match what shows up in your mailbox when you configure an MDA, your MDA is mangling the message. If it doesn't match what you sent, then fetchmail or something on the server is broken.
flex
installed. The problem appears to be a result of building with an
archaic version of lex.Workaround: fix the syntax of your .fetchmailrc file.
Fix: build and install the latest version of flex from the Free Software Foundation. An FSF mirror site will help you get it faster.
Workaround: link with GNU malloc rather than the stock C library malloc.
We're told there is some problem with the malloc() code in that version which makes it fragile in the presence of multiple free() calls on the same pointer (the malloc arena gets corrupted). Unfortunately it appears from doing gdb traces that whatever free() calls producing the problem are being made by the C library itself, not the fetchmail code (they're all from within fclose, and not an fclose called directly by fetchmail, either).
If this happens, you have a specific portability problem with the code in daemon.c that detaches and backgrounds the daemon fetchmail. Tell me about it so I can try to fix it. As a workaround, you can start fetchmail with -N and an ampersand to background it.
This should not happen under Linux or any truly POSIX-conformant Unix.
/sbin/ifconfig. If it's over 600, change it in your PPP
options file. (/etc/ppp/options on my box). Here are
option values that work:
mtu 552 mru 552
Or maybe you're trying to run fetchmail in multidrop mode as root without a .fetchmailrc file. This doesn't do what you think it should; see question C1.
Or you may not be connecting to the SMTP listener. Run fetchmail -v and see R1.
Many POP servers, if an interruption occurs, will restore the whole mail queue after about 10 minutes. Others will restore it right away. If you have an interruption and don't see it right away, cross your fingers and wait ten minutes before retrying.
Some servers (such as Microsoft's NTMail) are mis-designed to restore
the entire queue, including messages you have deleted. If you have
one of these and it flakes out on you a lot, try setting a small
--fetchlimit value. This will result in more IP connects
to the server, but will mean it actually executes changes to the queue
more often.
Qualcomm's qpopper, used at many BSD Unix sites, is better behaved. If its connection is dropped, it will first execute all DELE commands as though you had issued a QUIT (this is a technical violation of the POP3 RFCs, but a good idea in a world of flaky phone lines). Then it will re-queue any message that was being downloaded at hangup time. Still, qpopper may require a noticeable amount of time to do deletions and clean up its queue. (Fetchmail waits a bit before retrying in order to avoid a `lock busy' error.)
However, IMAP2bis has a design problem in that its normal fetch command marks a message `seen' as soon as the fetch command to get it is sent down. If for some reason the message isn't actually delivered (you take a line hit during the download, or your port 25 listener can't find enough free disk space, or you interrupt the delivery in mid-message) that `seen' message can lurk invisibly in your server mailbox forever.
Workaround: add the `fetchall' keyword to your fetch options.
Solution: switch to an IMAP4 server.
These errors usually indicate some kind of DNS configuration problem either on the server or your client machine.
The easiest workaround is to add a `via' option (if
necessary) and add enough aka declarations to cover all of your
mailserver's aliases, then say `no dns'. This will take
DNS out of the picture (though it means mail may be uncollected if
it's sent to an alias of the mailserver that you don't have
listed).
It would be better to fix your DNS, however. DNS problems can hurt you in lots of ways, for example by making your machines intermittently or permanently unreachable to the rest of the net.
Occasionally these errors indicate the sort of header-parsing problem described in M7.
In general, this is not really a good idea. It would be smarter to just let the mail sit in the mailserver's queue and use fetchmail's ETRN mode to trigger SMTP sends periodically (of course, this means you have to poll more frequently than the mailserver's expiration period). If you can't arrange this, try setting up a UUCP feed.
If neither of these alternatives is available, multidrop mode may do
(though you are going to get hurt by some mailing list
software; see the caveats under THE USE AND ABUSE OF MULTIDROP
MAILBOXES on the man page). If you want to try it, the way to do it
is with the `localdomains' option.
In general, if you use localdomains you need to make sure of two other things:
1. You've actually set up your .fetchmailrc entry to invoke multidrop mode.
Many people set a `localdomains' list and then forget
that fetchmail wants to see more than one name (or the wildcard `*')
in a `here' list before it will do multidrop routing.
2. You may have to set `no envelope'.
Normally, multidrop mode tries to deduce an envelope address from a message before parsing the To/Cc/Bcc lines (this enables it to avoid losing to mailing list software that doesn't put a recipient address in the To lines).
Some ways of accumulating a whole domain's messages in a single server
mailbox mean it all ends up with a single envelope address that is
useless for rerouting purposes. You may have to set `no
envelope' to prevent fetchmail from being bamboozled by this.
Check also answer T1 on a reliable way to do multidrop delivery if your ISP (or your mail redirection provider) is using qmail.
If you use sendmail, you can check the list expansion with
sendmail -bv.
As of 2.2, the configure script has been hacked so the bind library is linked only if it is actually needed. So under Linux it won't be, and this problem should go away.
aka' option to pre-declare as many of your
mailserver's DNS names as you can. When an address's host part
matches an aka name, no DNS lookup needs to be done to check it.
If you're sure you've pre-declared all of your mailserver's DNS names,
you can use the `no dns' option to prevent other hostname
parts from being looked up at all.
Sometimes delays are unavoidable. Some SMTP listeners try to call DNS on the From-address hostname as a way of checking that the address is valid.
Michael <michael@bizsystems.com> gave us a recipe for dealing with this case that pairs a run control file like this:
poll your.pop3.server proto pop3:
no envelope no dns
localdomains virtual.localdomain1.com virtual.localdomain2.com ...
user yourISPusername is root * here,
password yourISPpassword fetchall
with a hack on your local sendmail.cf like this:
############################################# # virtual info, local hack for ruleset 98 # ############################################# # domains to treat as direct mapped local domain CVvirtual.localdomain1.com virtual.localdomain2.com ... --------------------------- in ruleset 98 add ------------------------- # handle virtual users R$+ <@ $=V . > $: $1 < @ $j . > R< @ > $+ < @ $=V . > $: $1 < @ $j . > R< @ > $+ $: $1 R< error : $- $+ > $* $#error $@ $1 $: $2 R< $+ > $+ < @ $+ > $: $>97 $1This ruleset just strips virtual domain names off the addresses of incoming mail. Your sendmail must be 8.8 or newer for this to work. Michael says:
I use this scheme with 2 virtual domains and the default ISP user+domain and service about 30 mail accounts + majordomo on my inside pop3 server with fetchmail and sendmail 8.83
Some (unusual) mailserver configurations will generate extra Received
lines which you need to skip. To arrange this, use the optional
skip prefix argument of the `envelope' option; you may need to say
something like `envelope 1 Received' or `envelope 2
Received'.
Received: from send103.yahoomail.com (send103.yahoomail.com [205.180.60.92])
by iserv.ttns.net (8.8.5/8.8.5) with SMTP id RAA10088
for ; Wed, 9 Sep 1998 17:01:59 -0700
it checks to see if `iserv.ttns.net' is a DNS alias of your mailserver
before accepting `ksturgeon@fbceg.org' as an envelope address. This
check might fail if your DNS were misconfigured, or if you were using `no dns'
and had failed to declare iserv.ttns.net as an alias of your server.
This is not fetchmail's problem. The first thing to try is installing
a current version of deliver. If this doesn't work, try to
figure out which other program in your mail path is inserting the
blank line and replace that. If you can't do either of these things,
pick a different MDA (such as procmail) and declare it with the
`mda' option.
The O'Reilly sendmail book does warn that IDA sendmail doesn't process X- headers correctly. If this is your problem, all I can suggest is replacing IDA sendmail, because it's broken and not RFC822 conformant.
Some POP server daemons ignore Content-Length headers and split messages on From lines. We have one report that the 2.1 version of the BSD popper program (as distributed on Solaris 2.5 and elsewhere) is broken this way.
You can test this. Declare an mda of `cat' and send yourself one piece of mail containing "From" at start of a line. If you see a split message, your POP/IMAP server is at fault. Upgrade to a more recent version.
Sendmail and other SMTP listeners don't split RFC822 messages either. What's probably happening is either sendmail's local delivery agent or your mail reader are not quite RFC822-conformant and are breaking messages on what it thinks are Unix-style From headers. You can figure out which by looking at your client-side mailbox with vi or more. If the message is already split in your mailbox, your local delivery agent is the problem. If it's not, your mailreader is the problem.
If you can't replace the offending program, take a look at your sendmail.cf file. There will likely be a line something like
Mlocal, P=/usr/bin/procmail, F=lsDFMShP, S=10, R=20/40, A=procmail -Y -d $udescribing your local delivery agent. Try inserting the `E' option in the flags part (the F= string). This will make sendmail turn each dangerous start-of-line From into a >From, preventing programs further downstream from acting up.
There are five possible culprits to consider, listed here in the order they pass your mail:
mda.
The first thing to do is send yourself a test message, and retrieve it with a .fetchmailrc entry containing the following (or by running with the equivalent command-line options):
mda "cat >MBOX" keep fetchall
This will capture what fetchmail gets from the server, except for (a)
the extra Received header line fetchmail prepends, (b) header address
changes due to rewrite, and (c) any end-of-line changes
due to the forcecr and stripcr options.
MBOX will in fact contain what programs downstream of fetchmail
see.The most common causes of mangling are bugs and misconfigurations in those downstream programs. If MBOX looks unmangled, you will know that is what is going on and that it is not fetchmail's problem. Take a look at the other FAQ items in this section for possible clues about how to fix your problem.
If MBOX looks mangled, the next thing to do is compare it with your
actual server mailbox (if possible). That's why you specified
keep, so the server copy would not be deleted. If your
server mailbox looks mangled, programs upstream of your server mailbox
are at fault. Unfortunately there is probably little you can do about
this aside from complaining to your site postmaster, and nothing at
all fetchmail can do about it!
More likely you'll find that the server copy looks OK. In that case either the POP/IMAP server or fetchmail is doing the mangling. To determine which, you'll need to telnet to the server port and simulate a fetchmail session yourself. This is not actually hard (both POP3 and IMAP are simple, text-only, line-oriented protocols) but requires some attention to detail. You should be able to use a fetchmail -v log as a model for a session, but remember that the "*" in your LOGIN or PASS command dump has to be replaced with your actual password.
The objective of manually simulating fetchmail is so you can see exactly what fetchmail sees. If you see a mangled message, then your server is at fault, and you probably need to complain to your mailserver administrators. However, we like to know what the broken servers are so we can warn people away from them. So please send us a transcript of the session including the mangling and the server's initial greeting line. Please tell us anything else you think might be useful about the server, like the server host's operating system.
If your manual fetchmail simulation shows an unmangled message, congratulations. You've found an actual fetchmail bug, which is a pretty rare thing these days. Complain to us and we'll fix it. Please include the session transcript of your manual fetchmail simulation along with the other things described in the FAQ entry on reporting bugs.
Versions of fetchmail from 4.4.2 through 4.4.7 had a bad interaction with Eudora qpopper versions 2.3 and later. The TOP bounds check was fooled by an overflow condition in the TOP argument. Decrementing the TOP argument in 4.4.7 fixed this.
Fix: Upgrade to a later version of fetchmail.
Workaround: set the fetchall option. Under POP3 in these
fetchmail version only, this had the side effect of forcing RETR
use.
biff nto turn it off. If this doesn't work, try the command
chmod -x `tty`which is essentially what
biff -n will do. If this
doesn't work, comment out any reference to ``comsat'' in your
/etc/inetd.conf file and restart inetd.In Slackware Linux distributions, the last line in /etc/profile is
biff yChange this to
biff nto solve the problem system-wide.
fetchmail -q; fetchmail.
According to the POP3 RFCs, deletes aren't actually performed until you issue the end-of-session QUIT command. Fetchmail cannot fix this, because doing it right takes cooperation from the server. There are two possible remedies:
One is to switch to qpopper (the free POP3 server from Qualcomm, the Eudora people). The qpopper software violates the POP3 RFCs by doing an expunge (removing deleted messages) on a line hangup, as well as on processing a QUIT command.
The other (which we recommend) is to switch to IMAP. IMAP has an explicit expunge command and fetchmail normally uses it to delete messages immediately after they are downloaded.
If you get very unlucky, you might take a line hit in the window between the delete and the expunge. If you've set a longer expunge interval, the window gets wider. This problem should correct itself the next time you complete a successful query.
Some SMTP listeners get upset if you try to hand them a MAIL FROM address naming a different host than the originating site for your connection. This is a feature, not a bug -- it's supposed to help prevent people from forging mail with a bogus origin site. (RFC 1123 says you shouldn't do this exclusion...)
Since the originating site of a fetchmail delivery connection is localhost, this effectively means these picky listeners will barf on any MAIL FROM address fetchmail hands them with an @ in it!
Versions 2.1 and up try the header From address first and fall back to the calling-user ID. So if your SMTP listener isn't picky, the log will look right.
Your resolver configuration may be causing one of these lookups to
fail and time out. Check /etc/resolv.conf and
/etc/hosts file. Make sure your hostname and
fully-qualified domain name are both in /etc/hosts, and
that hosts is looked at before DNS is queried. You probably also want
your remote mail server(s) to be in the hosts file.
You can suppress the startup-time lookup if need to by reconfiguring
with FEATURE(nodns).
Configuring your bind library to cache DNS lookups locally may help, and is a good idea for speeding up other services as well. Switching to a faster MTA like qmail or exim might help.
Fetchmail getting mail from a POP server delivers mail in the order that your server delivers mail. Fetchmail can't do anything about this; it's a limitation of the underlying POP protocol.
In theory it might be possible for fetchmail in IMAP mode to sort messages by date, but this would be in violation of two basics of fetchmail's design philosophy: (a) to be as simple and transparent a pipe as possible, and (b) to hide, rather than emphasize, the differences between the remote-fetch protocols it uses.
Re-ordering messages is a user-agent function, anyway.
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