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authorMatthias Andree <matthias.andree@gmx.de>2005-07-20 13:12:55 +0000
committerMatthias Andree <matthias.andree@gmx.de>2005-07-20 13:12:55 +0000
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-.\" $NetBSD: strlcpy.3,v 1.11 2003/06/26 12:25:22 wiz Exp $
-.\" from OpenBSD: strlcpy.3,v 1.11 2000/11/16 23:27:41 angelos Exp
-.\"
-.\" Copyright (c) 1998, 2000 Todd C. Miller <Todd.Miller@courtesan.com>
-.\" All rights reserved.
-.\"
-.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
-.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
-.\" are met:
-.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
-.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
-.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
-.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
-.\" 3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products
-.\" derived from this software without specific prior written permission.
-.\"
-.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
-.\" INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
-.\" AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL
-.\" THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
-.\" EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
-.\" PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
-.\" OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
-.\" WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
-.\" OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
-.\" ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
-.\"
-.Dd March 1, 2001
-.Dt STRLCPY 3
-.Os
-.Sh NAME
-.Nm strlcpy ,
-.Nm strlcat
-.Nd size-bounded string copying and concatenation
-.Sh LIBRARY
-.Lb libc
-.Sh SYNOPSIS
-.In string.h
-.Ft size_t
-.Fn strlcpy "char *dst" "const char *src" "size_t size"
-.Ft size_t
-.Fn strlcat "char *dst" "const char *src" "size_t size"
-.Sh DESCRIPTION
-The
-.Fn strlcpy
-and
-.Fn strlcat
-functions copy and concatenate strings respectively.
-They are designed
-to be safer, more consistent, and less error prone replacements for
-.Xr strncpy 3
-and
-.Xr strncat 3 .
-Unlike those functions,
-.Fn strlcpy
-and
-.Fn strlcat
-take the full size of the buffer (not just the length) and guarantee to
-NUL-terminate the result (as long as
-.Fa size
-is larger than 0 or, in the case of
-.Fn strlcat ,
-as long as there is at least one byte free in
-.Fa dst ) .
-Note that you should include a byte for the NUL in
-.Fa size .
-Also note that
-.Fn strlcpy
-and
-.Fn strlcat
-only operate on true
-.Dq C
-strings.
-This means that for
-.Fn strlcpy
-.Fa src
-must be NUL-terminated and for
-.Fn strlcat
-both
-.Fa src
-and
-.Fa dst
-must be NUL-terminated.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn strlcpy
-function copies up to
-.Fa size
-- 1 characters from the NUL-terminated string
-.Fa src
-to
-.Fa dst ,
-NUL-terminating the result.
-.Pp
-The
-.Fn strlcat
-function appends the NUL-terminated string
-.Fa src
-to the end of
-.Fa dst .
-It will append at most
-.Fa size
-- strlen(dst) - 1 bytes, NUL-terminating the result.
-.Sh RETURN VALUES
-The
-.Fn strlcpy
-and
-.Fn strlcat
-functions return the total length of the string they tried to create.
-For
-.Fn strlcpy
-that means the length of
-.Fa src .
-For
-.Fn strlcat
-that means the initial length of
-.Fa dst
-plus
-the length of
-.Fa src .
-While this may seem somewhat confusing it was done to make
-truncation detection simple.
-.Pp
-Note however, that if
-.Fn strlcat
-traverses
-.Fa size
-characters without finding a NUL, the length of the string is considered
-to be
-.Fa size
-and the destination string will not be NUL-terminated (since there was
-no space for the NUL).
-This keeps
-.Fn strlcat
-from running off the end of a string.
-In practice this should not happen (as it means that either
-.Fa size
-is incorrect or that
-.Fa dst
-is not a proper
-.Dq C
-string).
-The check exists to prevent potential security problems in incorrect code.
-.Sh EXAMPLES
-The following code fragment illustrates the simple case:
-.Bd -literal -offset indent
-char *s, *p, buf[BUFSIZ];
-
-\&...
-
-(void)strlcpy(buf, s, sizeof(buf));
-(void)strlcat(buf, p, sizeof(buf));
-.Ed
-.Pp
-To detect truncation, perhaps while building a pathname, something
-like the following might be used:
-.Bd -literal -offset indent
-char *dir, *file, pname[MAXPATHLEN];
-
-\&...
-
-if (strlcpy(pname, dir, sizeof(pname)) \*[Ge] sizeof(pname))
- goto toolong;
-if (strlcat(pname, file, sizeof(pname)) \*[Ge] sizeof(pname))
- goto toolong;
-.Ed
-.Pp
-Since we know how many characters we copied the first time, we can
-speed things up a bit by using a copy instead of an append:
-.Bd -literal -offset indent
-char *dir, *file, pname[MAXPATHLEN];
-size_t n;
-
-\&...
-
-n = strlcpy(pname, dir, sizeof(pname));
-if (n \*[Ge] sizeof(pname))
- goto toolong;
-if (strlcpy(pname + n, file, sizeof(pname) - n) \*[Ge] sizeof(pname) - n)
- goto toolong;
-.Ed
-.Pp
-However, one may question the validity of such optimizations, as they
-defeat the whole purpose of
-.Fn strlcpy
-and
-.Fn strlcat .
-.Sh SEE ALSO
-.Xr snprintf 3 ,
-.Xr strncat 3 ,
-.Xr strncpy 3
-.Sh HISTORY
-.Fn strlcpy
-and
-.Fn strlcat
-first appeared in
-.Ox 2.4 ,
-then in
-.Nx 1.4.3
-and
-.Fx 3.3 .