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| author | Matthias Andree <matthias.andree@gmx.de> | 2005-07-20 09:37:39 +0000 |
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| committer | Matthias Andree <matthias.andree@gmx.de> | 2005-07-20 09:37:39 +0000 |
| commit | 68f099a09fdc59fd1e246729214fe4caf7c80c28 (patch) | |
| tree | 488c562e72deb3c05c6458409e789a0326e8bae7 /esrs-design-notes.html | |
| parent | ff87f7eea088a256867d083e30eba2929af43850 (diff) | |
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diff --git a/esrs-design-notes.html b/esrs-design-notes.html new file mode 100644 index 00000000..29ba0fb9 --- /dev/null +++ b/esrs-design-notes.html @@ -0,0 +1,761 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?> +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> +<head> +<title>Design notes on fetchmail</title> +<link rev="made" href="mailto:esr@snark.thyrsus.com" /> +<meta name="description" content="Design notes on fetchmail." /> +<meta name="keywords" content="fetchmail, POP, POP2, POP3, IMAP, remote mail" /> +<style type="text/css"> +/*<![CDATA[*/ + h1.c1 {text-align: center} +/*]]>*/ +</style> +</head> +<body> +<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" summary="Canned page header"> +<tr> +<td width="30%">Back to <a href="index.html">Fetchmail Home Page</a></td> +<td width="30%" align="right">$Date: 2003/02/28 11:26:47 $</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<hr /> +<h1 class="c1">Design Notes On Fetchmail</h1> + +<p>These notes are for the benefit of future hackers and +maintainers. The following sections are both functional and +narrative, read from beginning to end.</p> + +<h1>History</h1> + +<p>A direct ancestor of the fetchmail program was originally +authored (under the name popclient) by Carl Harris +<ceharris@mal.com>. I took over development in June 1996 and +subsequently renamed the program `fetchmail' to reflect the +addition of IMAP support and SMTP delivery. In early November 1996 +Carl officially ended support for the last popclient versions.</p> + +<p>Before accepting responsibility for the popclient sources from +Carl, I had investigated and used and tinkered with every other +UNIX remote-mail forwarder I could find, including fetchpop1.9, +PopTart-0.9.3, get-mail, gwpop, pimp-1.0, pop-perl5-1.2, popc, +popmail-1.6 and upop. My major goal was to get a header-rewrite +feature like fetchmail's working so I wouldn't have reply problems +anymore.</p> + +<p>Despite having done a good bit of work on fetchpop1.9, when I +found popclient I quickly concluded that it offered the solidest +base for future development. I was convinced of this primarily by +the presence of multiple-protocol support. The competition didn't +do POP2/RPOP/APOP, and I was already having vague thoughts of maybe +adding IMAP. (This would advance two other goals: learn IMAP and +get comfortable writing TCP/IP client software.)</p> + +<p>Until popclient 3.05 I was simply following out the implications +of Carl's basic design. He already had daemon.c in the +distribution, and I wanted daemon mode almost as badly as I wanted +the header rewrite feature. The other things I added were bug fixes +or minor extensions.</p> + +<p>After 3.1, when I put in SMTP-forwarding support (more about +this below) the nature of the project changed -- it became a +carefully-thought-out attempt to render obsolete every other +program in its class. The name change quickly followed.</p> + +<h1>The rewrite option</h1> + +<p>MTAs ought to canonicalize the addresses of outgoing non-local +mail so that From:, To:, Cc:, Bcc: and other address headers +contain only fully qualified domain names. Failure to do so can +break the reply function on many mailers. (Sendmail has an option +to do this.)</p> + +<p>This problem only becomes obvious when a reply is generated on a +machine different from where the message was delivered. The two +machines will have different local username spaces, potentially +leading to misrouted mail.</p> + +<p>Most MTAs (and sendmail in particular) do not canonicalize +address headers in this way (violating RFC 1123). Fetchmail +therefore has to do it. This is the first feature I added to the +ancestral popclient.</p> + +<h1>Reorganization</h1> + +<p>The second thing I did reorganize and simplify popclient a lot. +Carl Harris's implementation was very sound, but exhibited a kind +of unnecessary complexity common to many C programmers. He treated +the code as central and the data structures as support for the +code. As a result, the code was beautiful but the data structure +design ad-hoc and rather ugly (at least to this old LISP +hacker).</p> + +<p>I was able to improve matters significantly by reorganizing most +of the program around the `query' data structure and eliminating a +bunch of global context. This especially simplified the main +sequence in fetchmail.c and was critical in enabling the daemon +mode changes.</p> + +<h1>IMAP support and the method table</h1> + +<p>The next step was IMAP support. I initially wrote the IMAP code +as a generic query driver and a method table. The idea was to have +all the protocol-independent setup logic and flow of control in the +driver, and the protocol-specific stuff in the method table.</p> + +<p>Once this worked, I rewrote the POP3 code to use the same +organization. The POP2 code kept its own driver for a couple more +releases, until I found sources of a POP2 server to test against +(the breed seems to be nearly extinct).</p> + +<p>The purpose of this reorganization, of course, is to trivialize +the development of support for future protocols as much as +possible. All mail-retrieval protocols have to have pretty similar +logical design by the nature of the task. By abstracting out that +common logic and its interface to the rest of the program, both the +common and protocol-specific parts become easier to understand.</p> + +<p>Furthermore, many kinds of new features can instantly be +supported across all protocols by modifying the one driver +module.</p> + +<h1>Implications of smtp forwarding</h1> + +<p>The direction of the project changed radically when Harry +Hochheiser sent me his scratch code for forwarding fetched mail to +the SMTP port. I realized almost immediately that a reliable +implementation of this feature would make all the other delivery +modes obsolete.</p> + +<p>Why mess with all the complexity of configuring an MDA or +setting up lock-and-append on a mailbox when port 25 is guaranteed +to be there on any platform with TCP/IP support in the first place? +Especially when this means retrieved mail is guaranteed to look +like normal sender- initiated SMTP mail, which is really what we +want anyway.</p> + +<p>Clearly, the right thing to do was (1) hack SMTP forwarding +support into the generic driver, (2) make it the default mode, and +(3) eventually throw out all the other delivery modes.</p> + +<p>I hesitated over step 3 for some time, fearing to upset +long-time popclient users dependent on the alternate delivery +mechanisms. In theory, they could immediately switch to .forward +files or their non-sendmail equivalents to get the same effects. In +practice the transition might have been messy.</p> + +<p>But when I did it (see the NEWS note on the great options +massacre) the benefits proved huge. The cruftiest parts of the +driver code vanished. Configuration got radically simpler -- no +more grovelling around for the system MDA and user's mailbox, no +more worries about whether the underlying OS supports file +locking.</p> + +<p>Also, the only way to lose mail vanished. If you specified +localfolder and the disk got full, your mail got lost. This can't +happen with SMTP forwarding because your SMTP listener won't return +OK unless the message can be spooled or processed.</p> + +<p>Also, performance improved (though not so you'd notice it in a +single run). Another not insignificant benefit of this change was +that the manual page got a lot simpler.</p> + +<p>Later, I had to bring --mda back in order to allow handling of +some obscure situations involving dynamic SLIP. But I found a much +simpler way to do it.</p> + +<p>The moral? Don't hesitate to throw away superannuated features +when you can do it without loss of effectiveness. I tanked a couple +I'd added myself and have no regrets at all. As Saint-Exupery said, +"Perfection [in design] is achieved not when there is nothing more +to add, but rather when there is nothing more to take away." This +program isn't perfect, but it's trying.</p> + +<h1>The most-requested features that I will never add, and why +not:</h1> + +<h2>Password encryption in .fetchmailrc</h2> + +<p>The reason there's no facility to store passwords encrypted in +the .fetchmailrc file is because this doesn't actually add +protection.</p> + +<p>Anyone who's acquired the 0600 permissions needed to read your +.fetchmailrc file will be able to run fetchmail as you anyway -- +and if it's your password they're after, they'd be able to rip the +necessary decoder out of the fetchmail code itself to get it.</p> + +<p>All .fetchmailrc encryption would do is give a false sense of +security to people who don't think very hard.</p> + +<h2>Truly concurrent queries to multiple hosts</h2> + +<p>Occasionally I get a request for this on "efficiency" grounds. +These people aren't thinking either. True concurrency would do +nothing to lessen fetchmail's total IP volume. The best it could +possibly do is change the usage profile to shorten the duration of +the active part of a poll cycle at the cost of increasing its +demand on IP volume per unit time.</p> + +<p>If one could thread the protocol code so that fetchmail didn't +block on waiting for a protocol response, but rather switched to +trying to process another host query, one might get an efficiency +gain (close to constant loading at the single-host level).</p> + +<p>Fortunately, I've only seldom seen a server that incurred +significant wait time on an individual response. I judge the gain +from this not worth the hideous complexity increase it would +require in the code.</p> + +<h2>Multiple concurrent instances of fetchmail</h2> + +<p>Fetchmail locking is on a per-invoking-user because +finer-grained locks would be really hard to implement in a portable +way. The problem is that you don't want two fetchmails querying the +same site for the same remote user at the same time.</p> + +<p>To handle this optimally, multiple fetchmails would have to +associate a system-wide semaphore with each active pair of a remote +user and host canonical address. A fetchmail would have to block +until getting this semaphore at the start of a query, and release +it at the end of a query.</p> + +<p>This would be way too complicated to do just for an "it might be +nice" feature. Instead, you can run a single root fetchmail polling +for multiple users in either single-drop or multidrop mode.</p> + +<p>The fundamental problem here is how an instance of fetchmail +polling host foo can assert that it's doing so in a way visible to +all other fetchmails. System V semaphores would be ideal for this +purpose, but they're not portable.</p> + +<p>I've thought about this a lot and roughed up several designs. +All are complicated and fragile, with a bunch of the standard +problems (what happens if a fetchmail aborts before clearing its +semaphore, and how do we recover reliably?).</p> + +<p>I'm just not satisfied that there's enough functional gain here +to pay for the large increase in complexity that adding these +semaphores would entail.</p> + +<h1>Multidrop and alias handling</h1> + +<p>I decided to add the multidrop support partly because some users +were clamoring for it, but mostly because I thought it would shake +bugs out of the single-drop code by forcing me to deal with +addressing in full generality. And so it proved.</p> + +<p>There are two important aspects of the features for handling +multiple-drop aliases and mailing lists which future hackers should +be careful to preserve.</p> + +<ol> +<li> +<p>The logic path for single-recipient mailboxes doesn't involve +header parsing or DNS lookups at all. This is important -- it means +the code for the most common case can be much simpler and more +robust.</p> +</li> + +<li> +<p>The multidrop handing does <em>not</em> rely on doing the +equivalent of passing the message to sendmail -t. Instead, it +explicitly mines members of a specified set of local usernames out +of the header.</p> +</li> + +<li> +<p>We do <em>not</em> attempt delivery to multidrop mailboxes in +the presence of DNS errors. Before each multidrop poll we probe DNS +to see if we have a nameserver handy. If not, the poll is skipped. +If DNS crashes during a poll, the error return from the next +nameserver lookup aborts message delivery and ends the poll. The +daemon mode will then quietly spin until DNS comes up again, at +which point it will resume delivering mail.</p> +</li> +</ol> + +<p>When I designed this support, I was terrified of doing anything +that could conceivably cause a mail loop (you should be too). +That's why the code as written can only append <em>local</em> names +(never @-addresses) to the recipients list.</p> + +<p>The code in mxget.c is nasty, no two ways about it. But it's +utterly necessary, there are a lot of MX pointers out there. It +really ought to be a (documented!) entry point in the bind +library.</p> + +<h1>DNS error handling</h1> + +<p>Fetchmail's behavior on DNS errors is to suppress forwarding and +deletion of the individual message that each occurs in, leaving it +queued on the server for retrieval on a subsequent poll. The +assumption is that DNS errors are transient, due to temporary +server outages.</p> + +<p>Unfortunately this means that if a DNS error is permanent a +message can be perpetually stuck in the server mailbox. We've had a +couple bug reports of this kind due to subtle RFC822 parsing errors +in the fetchmail code that resulted in impossible things getting +passed to the DNS lookup routines.</p> + +<p>Alternative ways to handle the problem: ignore DNS errors +(treating them as a non-match on the mailserver domain), or forward +messages with errors to fetchmail's invoking user in addition to +any other recipients. These would fit an assumption that DNS lookup +errors are likely to be permanent problems associated with an +address.</p> + +<h1>IPv6 and IPSEC</h1> + +<p>The IPv6 support patches are really more protocol-family +independence patches. Because of this, in most places, "ports" +(numbers) have been replaced with "services" (strings, that may be +digits). This allows us to run with certain protocols that use +strings as "service names" where we in the IP world think of port +numbers. Someday we'll plumb strings all over and then, if inet6 is +not enabled, do a getservbyname() down in SocketOpen. The IPv6 +support patches use getaddrinfo(), which is a POSIX p1003.1g +mandated function. So, in the not too distant future, we'll zap the +ifdefs and just let autoconf check for getaddrinfo. IPv6 support +comes pretty much automatically once you have protocol family +independence.</p> + +<h1>Internationalization</h1> + +<p>Internationalization is handled using GNU gettext (see the file +ABOUT_NLS in the source distribution). This places some minor +constraints on the code.</p> + +<p>Strings that must be subject to translation should be wrapped +with GT_() or N_() -- the former in function arguments, the latter +in static initializers and other non-function-argument +contexts.</p> + +<h1>Checklist for Adding Options</h1> + +<p>Adding a control option is not complicated in principle, but +there are a lot of fiddly details in the process. You'll need to do +the following minimum steps.</p> + +<ul> +<li>Add a field to represent the control in <code>struct +run</code>, <code>struct query</code>, or <code>struct +hostdata</code>.</li> + +<li>Go to <code>rcfile_y.y</code>. Add the token to the grammar. +Don't forget the <code>%token</code> declaration.</li> + +<li>Pick an actual string to declare the option in the .fetchmailrc +file. Add the token to <code>rcfile_l</code>.</li> + +<li>Pick a long-form option name, and a one-letter short option if +any are left. Go to <code>options.c</code>. Pick a new +<code>LA_</code> value. Hack the <code>longoptions</code> table to +set up the association. Hack the big switch statement to set the +option. Hack the `?' message to describe it.</li> + +<li>If the default is nonzero, set it in <code>def_opts</code> near +the top of <code>load_params</code> in +<code>fetchmail.c</code>.</li> + +<li>Add code to dump the option value in +<code>fetchmail.c:dump_params</code>.</li> + +<li>For a per-site or per-user option, add proper +<code>FLAG_MERGE</code> actions in fetchmail.c's optmerge() +function. For a global option, add an override at the end of +load_params; this will involve copying a "cmd_run." field to a +corresponding "run." field, see the existing code for models.</li> + +<li>Document the option in fetchmail.man. This will require at +least two changes; one to the collected table of options, and one +full text description of the option.</li> + +<li>Hack fetchmailconf to configure it. Bump the fetchmailconf +version.</li> + +<li>Hack conf.c to dump the option so we won't have a version-skew +problem.</li> + +<li>Add an entry to NEWS.</li> + +<li>If the option implements a new feature, add a note to the +feature list.</li> +</ul> + +<p>There may be other things you have to do in the way of logic, of +course.</p> + +<p>Before you implement an option, though, think hard. Is there any +way to make fetchmail automatically detect the circumstances under +which it should change its behavior? If so, don't write an option. +Just do the check!</p> + +<h1>Lessons learned</h1> + +<h3>1. Server-side state is essential</h3> + +<p>The person(s) responsible for removing LAST from POP3 deserve to +suffer. Without it, a client has no way to know which messages in a +box have been read by other means, such as an MUA running on the +server.</p> + +<p>The POP3 UID feature described in RFC1725 to replace LAST is +insufficient. The only problem it solves is tracking which messages +have been read <em>by this client</em> -- and even that requires +tricky, fragile implementation.</p> + +<p>The underlying lesson is that maintaining accessible server-side +`seen' state bits associated with Status headers is indispensible +in a Unix/RFC822 mail server protocol. IMAP gets this right.</p> + +<h3>2. Readable text protocol transactions are a Good Thing</h3> + +<p>A nice thing about the general class of text-based protocols +that SMTP, POP2, POP3, and IMAP belongs to is that client/server +transactions are easy to watch and transaction code correspondingly +easy to debug. Given a decent layer of socket utility functions +(which Carl provided) it's easy to write protocol engines and not +hard to show that they're working correctly.</p> + +<p>This is an advantage not to be despised! Because of it, this +project has been interesting and fun -- no serious or persistent +bugs, no long hours spent looking for subtle pathologies.</p> + +<h3>3. IMAP is a Good Thing.</h3> + +<p>Now that there is a standard IMAP equivalent of the POP3 APOP +validation in CRAM-MD5, POP3 is completely obsolete.</p> + +<h3>4. SMTP is the Right Thing</h3> + +<p>In retrospect it seems clear that this program (and others like +it) should have been designed to forward via SMTP from the +beginning. This lesson may be applicable to other Unix programs +that now call the local MDA/MTA as a program.</p> + +<h3>5. Syntactic noise can be your friend</h3> + +<p>The optional `noise' keywords in the rc file syntax started out +as a late-night experiment. The English-like syntax they allow is +considerably more readable than the traditional terse keyword-value +pairs you get when you strip them all out. I think there may be a +wider lesson here.</p> + +<h1>Motivation and validation</h1> + +<p>It is truly written: the best hacks start out as personal +solutions to the author's everyday problems, and spread because the +problem turns out to be typical for a large class of users. So it +was with Carl Harris and the ancestral popclient, and so with me +and fetchmail.</p> + +<p>It's gratifying that fetchmail has become so popular. Until just +before 1.9 I was designing strictly to my own taste. The multi-drop +mailbox support and the new --limit option were the first features +to go in that I didn't need myself.</p> + +<p>By 1.9, four months after I started hacking on popclient and a +month after the first fetchmail release, there were literally a +hundred people on the fetchmail-friends contact list. That's pretty +powerful motivation. And they were a good crowd, too, sending fixes +and intelligent bug reports in volume. A user population like that +is a gift from the gods, and this is my expression of +gratitude.</p> + +<p>The beta testers didn't know it at the time, but they were also +the subjects of a sociological experiment. The results are +described in my paper, <a +href="//www.catb.org/~esr/writings/cathedral-bazaar/">The +Cathedral And The Bazaar</a>.</p> + +<h1>Credits</h1> + +<p>Special thanks go to Carl Harris, who built a good solid code +base and then tolerated me hacking it out of recognition. And to +Harry Hochheiser, who gave me the idea of the SMTP-forwarding +delivery mode.</p> + +<p>Other significant contributors to the code have included Dave +Bodenstab (error.c code and --syslog), George Sipe (--monitor and +--interface), Gordon Matzigkeit (netrc.c), Al Longyear (UIDL +support), Chris Hanson (Kerberos V4 support), and Craig Metz (OPIE, +IPv6, IPSEC).</p> + +<h1>Conclusion</h1> + +<p>At this point, the fetchmail code appears to be pretty stable. +It will probably undergo substantial change only if and when +support for a new retrieval protocol or authentication method is +added.</p> + +<h1>Relevant RFCS</h1> + +<p>Not all of these describe standards explicitly used in +fetchmail, but they all shaped the design in one way or +another.</p> + +<dl> +<dt><a href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc821.txt">RFC821</a></dt> + +<dd>SMTP protocol</dd> + +<dt><a href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc822.txt">RFC822</a></dt> + +<dd>Mail header format</dd> + +<dt><a href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc937.txt">RFC937</a></dt> + +<dd>Post Office Protocol - Version 2</dd> + +<dt><a href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc974.txt">RFC974</a></dt> + +<dd>MX routing</dd> + +<dt><a href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc976.txt">RFC976</a></dt> + +<dd>UUCP mail format</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1081.txt">RFC1081</a></dt> + +<dd>Post Office Protocol - Version 3</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1123.txt">RFC1123</a></dt> + +<dd>Host requirements (modifies 821, 822, and 974)</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1176.txt">RFC1176</a></dt> + +<dd>Interactive Mail Access Protocol - Version 2</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1203.txt">RFC1203</a></dt> + +<dd>Interactive Mail Access Protocol - Version 3</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1225.txt">RFC1225</a></dt> + +<dd>Post Office Protocol - Version 3</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1344.txt">RFC1344</a></dt> + +<dd>Implications of MIME for Internet Mail Gateways</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1413.txt">RFC1413</a></dt> + +<dd>Identification server</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1428.txt">RFC1428</a></dt> + +<dd>Transition of Internet Mail from Just-Send-8 to 8-bit +SMTP/MIME</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1460.txt">RFC1460</a></dt> + +<dd>Post Office Protocol - Version 3</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1508.txt">RFC1508</a></dt> + +<dd>Generic Security Service Application Program Interface</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1521.txt">RFC1521</a></dt> + +<dd>MIME: Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1869.txt">RFC1869</a></dt> + +<dd>SMTP Service Extensions (ESMTP spec)</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1652.txt">RFC1652</a></dt> + +<dd>SMTP Service Extension for 8bit-MIMEtransport</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1725.txt">RFC1725</a></dt> + +<dd>Post Office Protocol - Version 3</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1730.txt">RFC1730</a></dt> + +<dd>Interactive Mail Access Protocol - Version 4</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1731.txt">RFC1731</a></dt> + +<dd>IMAP4 Authentication Mechanisms</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1732.txt">RFC1732</a></dt> + +<dd>IMAP4 Compatibility With IMAP2 And IMAP2bis</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1734.txt">RFC1734</a></dt> + +<dd>POP3 AUTHentication command</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1870.txt">RFC1870</a></dt> + +<dd>SMTP Service Extension for Message Size Declaration</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1891.txt">RFC1891</a></dt> + +<dd>SMTP Service Extension for Delivery Status Notifications</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1892.txt">RFC1892</a></dt> + +<dd>The Multipart/Report Content Type for the Reporting of Mail +System Administrative Messages</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1894.txt">RFC1894</a></dt> + +<dd>An Extensible Message Format for Delivery Status +Notifications</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1893.txt">RFC1893</a></dt> + +<dd>Enhanced Mail System Status Codes</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1894.txt">RFC1894</a></dt> + +<dd>An Extensible Message Format for Delivery Status +Notifications</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1938.txt">RFC1938</a></dt> + +<dd>A One-Time Password System</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1939.txt">RFC1939</a></dt> + +<dd>Post Office Protocol - Version 3</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1957.txt">RFC1957</a></dt> + +<dd>Some Observations on Implementations of the Post Office +Protocol (POP3)</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc1985.txt">RFC1985</a></dt> + +<dd>SMTP Service Extension for Remote Message Queue Starting</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2033.txt">RFC2033</a></dt> + +<dd>Local Mail Transfer Protocol</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2060.txt">RFC2060</a></dt> + +<dd>Internet Message Access Protocol - Version 4rev1</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2061.txt">RFC2061</a></dt> + +<dd>IMAP4 Compatibility With IMAP2bis</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2062.txt">RFC2062</a></dt> + +<dd>Internet Message Access Protocol - Obsolete Syntax</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2195.txt">RFC2195</a></dt> + +<dd>IMAP/POP AUTHorize Extension for Simple Challenge/Response</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2177.txt">RFC2177</a></dt> + +<dd>IMAP IDLE command</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2449.txt">RFC2449</a></dt> + +<dd>POP3 Extension Mechanism</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2554.txt">RFC2554</a></dt> + +<dd>SMTP Service Extension for Authentication</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2595.txt">RFC2595</a></dt> + +<dd>Using TLS with IMAP, POP3 and ACAP</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2645.txt">RFC2645</a></dt> + +<dd>On-Demand Mail Relay: SMTP with Dynamic IP Addresses</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2683.txt">RFC2683</a></dt> + +<dd>IMAP4 Implementation Recommendations</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2821.txt">RFC2821</a></dt> + +<dd>Simple Mail Transfer Protocol</dd> + +<dt><a +href="ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/rfc2822.txt">RFC2822</a></dt> + +<dd>Internet Message Format</dd> +</dl> + +<!-- +RFC2192 IMAP URL Scheme +RFC2193 IMAP4 Mailbox Referrals +RFC2221 IMAP4 Login Referrals +--> + +<h1>Other useful documents</h1> + +<dl> +<dt><a +href="http://www.faqs.org/faqs/LANs/mail-protocols/">http://www.faqs.org/faqs/LANs/mail-protocols/</a></dt> + +<dd>LAN Mail Protocols Summary</dd> +</dl> + +<hr /> +<table width="100%" cellpadding="0" summary="Canned page footer"> +<tr> +<td width="30%">Back to <a href="index.html">Fetchmail Home Page</a></td> +<td width="30%" align="right">$Date: 2003/02/28 11:26:47 $</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<br clear="left" /> +<address>Eric S. Raymond <a +href="mailto:esr@thyrsus.com"><esr@snark.thyrsus.com></a></address> +</body> +</html> + |